Mendel's Laws definitions Flashcards

Fundamental principles of genetics proposed by Mendel, including the separation of alleles during gamete formation and the independent assortment of genes, both occurring during meiosis.

The study of heredity and variation in organisms, focusing on how traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes, governed by Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment.

During gamete formation, two alleles for a gene separate randomly into different gametes, ensuring offspring inherit one allele from each parent.

Genes for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation, due to the random alignment of homologous chromosome pairs in metaphase I of meiosis.

A type of cell division that produces four genetically distinct haploid cells, crucial for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.

Variants of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome, influencing specific traits.

Formation The process where alleles segregate into different gametes during meiosis, ensuring genetic diversity through the separation of homologous chromosomes and independent assortment.

The process by which a single cell divides to produce two or more daughter cells, ensuring genetic material is accurately replicated and distributed.

Pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, with the same genes but possibly different alleles, that align and separate during meiosis.

A structure composed of DNA and proteins, found in the nucleus, that carries genetic information in the form of genes.

The phase in meiosis where homologous chromosomes are separated, leading to the segregation of maternal and paternal alleles into different gametes.

Alleles inherited from the mother, located on the homologous chromosomes she contributed, which segregate into different gametes during meiosis.

Alleles inherited from the father, which segregate into different gametes during meiosis, following Mendel's law of segregation.

The pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, facilitating genetic recombination through crossing over.

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, leading to genetic variation in gametes.

The molecular substance that carries genetic information, enabling inheritance and guiding cellular functions, through sequences of nucleotides.

The phase of meiosis where chromosomes align at the cell's equator, ensuring random and independent assortment of homologous chromosomes.

The process where the cytoplasm of a parent cell divides, resulting in two daughter cells, typically occurring after mitosis or meiosis.