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Lipids quiz #1

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  • What functional group is found at the end of a fatty acid?

    A carboxylic acid functional group.

  • What type of bonds do saturated fatty acids contain?

    Saturated fatty acids contain only carbon to carbon single bonds.

  • Why are saturated fatty acids solid at room temperature?

    Because their hydrocarbon chains are fully saturated with hydrogens, allowing them to pack tightly together.

  • What causes the kink in the hydrocarbon chain of unsaturated fatty acids?

    The presence of at least one carbon to carbon double bond.

  • Why are unsaturated fatty acids liquid at room temperature?

    The kink in their hydrocarbon chain prevents them from packing tightly together.

  • What is a trans fatty acid?

    A subtype of unsaturated fatty acids that have a double bond but do not have a kink in their chain.

  • How are fatty acids linked to glycerol in triglycerides?

    Via dehydration synthesis reactions.

  • What is the main storage form of fats in animal cells?

    Triglycerides.

  • What makes phospholipids amphipathic molecules?

    They contain both hydrophilic (water-loving) heads and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails.

  • What is the major component of cell membranes?

    Phospholipids.

  • What structural feature distinguishes steroids from other lipids?

    Steroids are made of four fused carbon ring structures.

  • What is a classic example of a steroid important for animal cell membranes?

    Cholesterol.

  • What is the primary function of waxes in biological systems?

    Protection and prevention of water loss.

  • which of these is not a lipid?
    Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are not lipids. Lipids include fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.
  • which of these is a phospholipid?
    Phospholipids are a type of lipid that are a major component of cell membranes, featuring hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
  • in fat synthesis,________and fatty acids combine to make fats plus________.
    In fat synthesis, glycerol and fatty acids combine to make fats plus water.
  • What is true about saturated fats?
    Saturated fats are solid at room temperature and contain only carbon to carbon single bonds, making them fully saturated with hydrogen atoms.
  • What test is used to detect the presence of lipids?
    The Sudan III stain test is commonly used to detect the presence of lipids.
  • when digested, fats are broken down into _____.
    When digested, fats are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.
  • the three sources of fats in the human diet are _________, __________, and ___________.
    The three sources of fats in the human diet are triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol.