Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation exam Flashcards

A process that allows multicellular organisms to express genes differently in different cells, leading to diverse cell types.

Histone acetylation modifies chromatin structure to make DNA more accessible for transcription.

Changes to the structure of chromatin that affect gene expression, including histone acetylation and DNA methylation.

DNA methylation typically represses gene expression by adding methyl groups to DNA, affecting chromatin structure.

Regulation of gene expression at the transcription stage, involving factors that influence the transcription of DNA to RNA.

Euchromatin is less condensed and transcriptionally active, while heterochromatin is more condensed and transcriptionally inactive.

Chemical changes to proteins after they are synthesized, affecting their function and activity.

A process where RNA molecules inhibit gene expression by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules.

The entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism.

They are essential for the transcription of all genes and help position RNA polymerase at the start of transcription.

Regulation of gene expression after transcription, including mRNA processing and degradation.

A post-translational modification where ubiquitin proteins are attached to a substrate protein, often marking it for degradation.

Regulation of gene expression at the stage of translation, affecting how mRNA is translated into proteins.

They regulate the transcription of specific genes by binding to DNA sequences near the genes they control.

A complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

The process by which mRNA molecules are broken down, regulating the levels of mRNA available for translation.

The control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells, occurring at various stages such as chromatin modification, transcription, and translation.

It allows for the development of diverse cell types despite having identical genomes.

The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products like proteins.

They alter the structure of chromatin to either promote or inhibit the transcription of genes.

The nucleus is where chromatin modifications, transcription, and RNA processing occur.

It involves modifications to proteins after synthesis, affecting their function and activity.

The addition of methyl groups to DNA, often serving to repress gene transcription.

The genome is the complete set of DNA, while the proteome is the complete set of proteins expressed by a cell.

A less condensed form of chromatin that is transcriptionally active.

To modify mRNA after transcription, including splicing, capping, and adding a poly-A tail, to protect and prepare it for translation.