Introduction to DNA-Based Technology definitions Flashcards

The molecule that carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.

The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which determine cell function and phenotype.

Biological preparations that stimulate the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens, often using DNA-based technology to enhance efficacy.

Altering an organism's DNA to introduce new traits or enhance existing ones, often for improved resistance, productivity, or other desired characteristics.

Transmission of genetic traits from parents to offspring through DNA, determining characteristics and potential hereditary conditions.

A diagram used to track inheritance patterns of traits or diseases through multiple generations within a family.

The process of creating recombinant DNA by cutting and pasting DNA fragments, then introducing them into a host organism to replicate and express the inserted genes.

A DNA molecule created by combining DNA from different sources, often using restriction enzymes to cut and ligation enzymes to paste, enabling genetic modifications and studies.

Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, acting like molecular scissors, enabling the manipulation and study of genes.

Enzymes that facilitate the joining of DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds, essential for creating recombinant DNA molecules.

Microscopic, single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus, reproduce rapidly, and can inhabit diverse environments, playing crucial roles in ecosystems, health, and biotechnology.

A technique to amplify specific DNA sequences, involving cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension, enabling detailed genetic analysis and manipulation.

A technique to amplify specific DNA sequences through cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension, enabling detailed genetic analysis and manipulation.

The process where proteins or nucleic acids lose their structure and function due to external stress like heat or pH changes, disrupting hydrogen bonds and other forces maintaining their shape.

The process in PCR where single-stranded DNA primers bind to their complementary sequences on the target DNA, allowing for the initiation of DNA synthesis.

The step in PCR where DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the primer, extending the DNA sequence.

A technique to separate DNA fragments by size using an electric field applied to a gel matrix, allowing visualization and analysis of DNA samples.

A technique to detect specific DNA sequences by transferring DNA fragments from a gel to a membrane and hybridizing with a labeled probe.

A technique that analyzes unique patterns in an individual's DNA to identify genetic relationships, track inheritance, and solve forensic cases.

Determining the precise order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule to study genetic information and variations.

A method for determining DNA sequences by incorporating chain-terminating nucleotides during PCR, resulting in fragments that can be analyzed to deduce the original sequence.

A method for DNA sequencing that uses modified nucleotides to terminate DNA strand elongation, allowing the determination of the DNA sequence by analyzing the resulting fragment lengths.