Hardy-Weinberg Model quiz Flashcards

Inbreeding is mating between relatives, which increases homozygosity and decreases genetic variation in a population.

Inbreeding depression is a decline in average fitness due to increased homozygosity and decreased heterozygosity.

Increased homozygosity generally decreases fitness because it reduces genetic variation.

Intersexual selection involves mate choice between sexes, while intrasexual selection involves competition within the same sex for mating rights.

Sexual dimorphism, phenotypic differences between males and females, often results from sexual selection where one sex prefers certain traits in mates.

Peacocks use intersexual selection, where males display impressive tail feathers to attract females.

Intersexual selection can lead to exaggerated traits that hinder survival, such as antlers so large they impair movement.

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant in the absence of evolutionary influences.

Conditions include no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.

Allele frequencies help determine if a population is evolving or in genetic equilibrium.

Genetic drift can cause significant changes in allele frequencies in small populations, leading to reduced genetic variation.

The bottleneck effect is a sharp reduction in population size due to environmental events, leading to decreased genetic diversity.

The founder effect occurs when a new population is established by a small number of individuals, leading to reduced genetic variation.

Gene flow, the transfer of alleles between populations, increases genetic variation within a population.

Mutations introduce new alleles into a population, increasing genetic variation.