Genomes exam Flashcards

Mostly uninterrupted coding sequences with very little non-coding DNA.

Contains significant non-coding DNA, repeated sequences, and complex gene arrangements.

The transfer of genes from one organism to another through a method that is not reproduction.

Conserved arrangements of DNA in related genomes, useful for determining evolutionary relationships.

A process where an extra copy of a gene is added to the chromosome, often due to unequal crossover.

A process where exons in a gene get shuffled around, potentially leading to novel proteins.

A single copy of a unique gene in the genome.

Clusters of identical copies of genes that are transcribed simultaneously to increase transcription output.

A set of several similar genes formed through gene duplication.

A highly conserved gene family that determines the body plan of an embryo.

Structural DNA that always remains condensed, usually found around the centromere and telomeres.

Repeated sequences of DNA that are duplicated in the genome.

Short repeated sequences of DNA that vary in number between individuals.

Pieces of DNA that can move around in the genome, behaving similarly to viruses.

Transposable elements that use a DNA intermediate to insert their sequence in the genome.

Transposable elements that use an RNA intermediate to insert their sequence in the genome.

DNA sequences that once coded for something but are now inactive due to mutations.

Non-protein coding DNA that codes for microRNA, involved in RNA interference and gene expression regulation.

Non-coding DNA within genes.

There is a linear relationship; as the number of genes increases, the genome size proportionally increases.

There is no linear relationship; there is huge variation between the number of genes and genome size.

Non-coding DNA serves structural roles, includes transposable elements, and can form pseudogenes.

Through gene duplication, often due to unequal crossover.

Transposons and retrotransposons.

A type of retrotransposon that codes for reverse transcriptase.

Involved in RNA interference and regulation of gene expression.

It helps determine evolutionary relationships by comparing conserved DNA arrangements.

It can lead to the creation of novel proteins or new functions for existing proteins.

It provides structural support and remains condensed, usually found around centromeres and telomeres.