Genetic Variation exam Flashcards

Differences in DNA sequences among individuals in a population.

Mutations and sexual reproduction.

A change in the DNA sequence that can create new alleles.

Through mutations in the DNA sequence.

A process that generates unique combinations of alleles through recombination and independent assortment.

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

The random distribution of different pairs of chromosomes to gametes.

A mutation that increases an organism's fitness.

A mutation that has no effect on an organism's fitness.

A mutation that decreases an organism's fitness.

A change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

A chromosomal mutation that results in the duplication of a gene, potentially leading to new functions.

The movement of genes from one species to another.

An organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or deleterious, affecting fitness accordingly.

Natural selection acts on genetic variation, favoring beneficial mutations and eliminating deleterious ones.

The genetic makeup of an organism, consisting of all its alleles.

Recombination creates new combinations of alleles, increasing genetic diversity.

A mutation that changes the structure or number of chromosomes.

Genetic diversity is crucial for adaptation and survival in changing environments.

An organism with two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

New genes can arise from gene duplications and horizontal gene transfer.

The process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis.

Meiosis produces gametes with unique combinations of alleles, contributing to genetic variation.

Changes in gene regulation can affect when and how much a gene is expressed, influencing traits.