Genetic Variation During Meiosis exam Flashcards

The process during prophase 1 of meiosis 1 where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, forming non-identical sister chromatids.

The random alignment of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase 1 of meiosis 1, creating numerous genetic combinations.

An error during meiosis where chromosomes fail to separate properly, leading to aneuploid cells.

It can lead to aneuploidy, resulting in conditions like Down syndrome or cell death.

The process where homologous chromosomes align their DNA sequences at similar alleles to prompt crossing over.

The site of crossing over where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.

A condition where cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes, either too many or too few.

2ⁿ, where n is the haploid number of chromosomes.

The stage of meiosis 1 where crossing over occurs.

Homologous chromosomes align randomly in two rows on the metaphase plate, leading to independent assortment.

A genetic disorder caused by having three copies of chromosome 21, also known as Down syndrome.

It creates genetic diversity by forming non-identical sister chromatids.

The stage of meiosis 1 where independent assortment occurs.

Four haploid cells that are genetically different from one another.

The attachment site between two homologous chromosomes where crossing over occurs.

The alignment of homologous chromosomes to facilitate crossing over.

The variety of genetic combinations that result from processes like crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis.

It increases the number of possible genetic combinations by allowing homologous chromosomes to align randomly.

Mitosis creates genetically identical cells, while meiosis creates genetically diverse cells.

A genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting from nondisjunction.

It is the physical site where crossing over and genetic material exchange occur between homologous chromosomes.

The differences in DNA sequences among individuals, generated during meiosis.

It produces haploid gametes that combine during fertilization to form a genetically unique offspring.

The random distribution of homologous chromosomes during metaphase 1 of meiosis 1.

Non-identical sister chromatids, contributing to genetic diversity.