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Functional Groups exam
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  • What is a functional group?

    A specific group of atoms that confer reactivity to biomolecules, typically extending from a carbon backbone.

  • Methyl group

    A functional group consisting of a carbon atom covalently bonded to three hydrogen atoms (–CH₃).

  • What is the structure of a hydroxyl group?

    An oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (–OH).

  • Carbonyl group

    A functional group where a carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O).

  • What is the carboxyl group composed of?

    A combination of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group (–COOH).

  • Amino group

    A functional group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms (–NH₂).

  • What is unique about the phosphate group?

    It contains a phosphorus atom (–PO₄).

  • Sulfhydryl group

    A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (–SH).

  • Where are methyl groups commonly found?

    In lipids.

  • What biomolecules commonly contain hydroxyl groups?

    Carbohydrates.

  • What is the significance of functional groups in biology?

    They play crucial roles in the reactivity and function of biomolecules.

  • How many functional groups are commonly studied in a typical biology course?

    Seven.

  • What does the 'hydro' in hydroxyl group refer to?

    The hydrogen atom.

  • What does the 'oxy' in hydroxyl group refer to?

    The oxygen atom.

  • What is the structure of a carbonyl group?

    A carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.

  • What is the structure of a carboxyl group?

    A carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group.

  • What atom is central to the amino group?

    Nitrogen.

  • What is the structure of a phosphate group?

    A phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.

  • What does the 'sulf' in sulfhydryl group refer to?

    The sulfur atom.

  • What does the 'hydryl' in sulfhydryl group refer to?

    The hydrogen atom.

  • What is the role of functional groups in biomolecules?

    They determine the reactivity and interactions of the biomolecules.

  • What is the general structure of a functional group?

    A specific arrangement of atoms extending from a carbon backbone.

  • Why is it important to recognize functional groups?

    To understand their roles in biological processes and biomolecules.

  • What is the significance of the carbon backbone in functional groups?

    It serves as the main structure from which functional groups extend.

  • How can you identify a phosphate group?

    By the presence of a phosphorus atom.

  • What is the primary element in the sulfhydryl group?

    Sulfur

  • What is the primary element in the amino group?

    Nitrogen

  • What is the primary element in the hydroxyl group?

    Oxygen

  • What is the primary element in the carbonyl group?

    Carbon