Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration definitions Flashcards

A metabolic process that regenerates NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue producing ATP in the absence of oxygen by using an alternative electron acceptor.

A process where cells generate energy without oxygen by converting glucose into ATP, producing byproducts like lactic acid or ethanol, and regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis.

A series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

A molecule that carries electrons and is oxidized to regenerate NAD+ during fermentation, enabling glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen.

An essential electron carrier in cellular respiration, it accepts electrons during glycolysis and fermentation, enabling ATP production in the absence of oxygen.

A metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH, and occurs in the cytoplasm of cells, functioning with or without oxygen.

A key intermediate in cellular respiration, it is the end product of glycolysis and can be further metabolized in the Krebs cycle or reduced during fermentation to regenerate NAD+.

A metabolic process where pyruvate is reduced by NADH to form lactate and regenerate NAD+, enabling glycolysis to continue producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.

A byproduct of anaerobic respiration where pyruvate is reduced by NADH, regenerating NAD+ and allowing glycolysis to continue, producing a small amount of ATP.

A molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells, primarily produced during cellular respiration, and used to power various cellular processes.

The process where pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, producing NADH and CO2, and linking glycolysis to the Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration.

A series of chemical reactions in mitochondria that generate ATP, NADH, and FADH2 by oxidizing acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

The process where ATP is synthesized using the energy from a proton gradient across a membrane, established by the electron transport chain during cellular respiration.

A process involving the transfer of electrons between molecules, where one molecule is oxidized (loses electrons) and another is reduced (gains electrons), crucial for energy production in cells.

The process where a molecule loses electrons, often to oxygen, resulting in an increase in oxidation state.