Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications exam Flashcards

The addition of acetyl groups to histone proteins, loosening chromatin and promoting euchromatin formation, enhancing transcription.

DNA methylation typically silences genes by adding methyl groups to cytosine residues, blocking transcription.

A lightly packed region of the genome with high transcriptional activity.

Histone tails can be chemically modified by cellular enzymes, affecting chromatin structure and gene expression.

A condensed region of the genome with low transcriptional activity.

Histone deacetylation removes acetyl groups, resulting in tightly packed chromatin and reduced transcription.

The addition of methyl groups to cytosine residues in DNA, typically silencing gene expression.

Histone acetylation loosens chromatin structure, making DNA more accessible for transcription.

An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

To allow high transcriptional activity by keeping chromatin loosely packed.

A complex of DNA and histone proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

DNA methylation blocks RNA polymerase from accessing the DNA, preventing transcription.

The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products like proteins.

Heterochromatin is tightly packed with low transcriptional activity, while euchromatin is loosely packed with high transcriptional activity.

A structural unit of chromatin, consisting of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins.

Histone acetylation promotes euchromatin formation and enhances transcription.

The addition of a methyl group to cytosine residues in DNA, often leading to gene silencing.

Chromatin modifications regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure, affecting the accessibility of DNA to transcription machinery.

Histone deacetylation results in tightly packed chromatin, reducing transcriptional activity.

A functional group with the chemical formula -COCH3, added to histones during acetylation.

To reduce transcriptional activity by keeping chromatin tightly packed.

The process by which a gene's expression is inhibited, often through DNA methylation.

Histone modifications, such as acetylation and deacetylation, alter chromatin structure and regulate gene expression.

Chemical changes to histones or DNA that affect chromatin structure and gene expression.

DNA methylation typically silences gene transcription by blocking RNA polymerase access.

Proteins around which DNA is coiled in nucleosomes, playing a key role in chromatin structure and gene regulation.

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Changes to chromatin structure, such as histone acetylation and DNA methylation, that regulate gene expression.