Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion quiz Flashcards

The primary function of the endomembrane system in protein secretion is to release proteins into the environment or surroundings of the cell.

The nucleus is the starting point for protein secretion because it stores the DNA, which carries the code for making proteins.

The nuclear envelope is a double membrane barrier that surrounds the nucleus, separating its inside from the outside.

Nuclear pores are tiny holes in the nuclear envelope that control the entry and exit of substances into and out of the nucleus.

Ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus, a small dense structure inside the nucleus.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is continuous with the nuclear envelope, making it an extension of the nucleus.

The rough ER has a ribosome-coated surface, making it appear rough, while the smooth ER lacks ribosomes and has a smooth surface.

The rough ER is involved in the folding and modification of newly built proteins.

The smooth ER is involved in synthesizing lipids and detoxifying drugs and poisons.

The Golgi apparatus is a stack of flat membranous sacs that functions as a processing center, modifying, repackaging, and distributing molecules.

Cisternae are the flat membranous sacs that make up the Golgi apparatus.

The cis end is the receiving end for vesicles, while the trans end is the shipping end where modified contents are repackaged and distributed.

Lysosomes are acidic vesicles that carry digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular debris and damaged organelles.

Peroxisomes break down toxic compounds like hydrogen peroxide and fatty acids.

Lysosomes originate at the Golgi apparatus, while peroxisomes originate at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).