Digestion quiz Flashcards

The three types of muscle tissue are skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

Epithelial tissue lines organs and body surfaces, separating interior and exterior environments to maintain different chemical and physical conditions.

Digestion begins in the mouth, where food is mechanically and chemically broken down.

Salivary amylase breaks down carbohydrates into maltose and dextrins.

Mucus lubricates the food bolus and protects the lining of the digestive tract.

Peristalsis is a wave-like contraction of smooth muscle that moves the food bolus through the esophagus to the stomach.

The acidic environment in the stomach helps denature proteins and kill pathogens.

Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid, while chief cells secrete pepsinogen, which is activated to pepsin in the acidic environment.

The small intestine is responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

The small intestine has folds, villi, and microvilli that increase its surface area for nutrient absorption.

The hepatic portal vein transports absorbed nutrients from the small intestine to the liver for detoxification and storage.

Glucose is absorbed via secondary active transport using the sodium-glucose cotransporter and then exits the cell through glucose transporters.

Bile breaks down fats into smaller components called micelles, increasing their surface area for digestion by lipases.

The sodium-potassium pump creates a concentration gradient that facilitates the secondary active transport of glucose into epithelial cells.

The two types of active transport are primary active transport, which uses ATP, and secondary active transport, which uses the potential energy of a molecule.

The primary function of the digestive system is to bring in food, extract nutrients from it, and eliminate waste.

Essential nutrients are nutrients that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet; they are crucial for various bodily functions.

Omega-3 fatty acids, found in tree nuts, and omega-6 fatty acids, commonly found in animal fats.

Vitamins are organic compounds required in small amounts that often function as coenzymes in various biochemical reactions.

Minerals are inorganic substances that are incorporated into proteins and enzymes, playing roles in osmotic balance and nerve signal transmission.

Intracellular digestion occurs within cells, while extracellular digestion occurs outside cells in the lumen of digestive organs.

Peristalsis is a wave-like contraction of smooth muscle that pushes the food bolus down the esophagus towards the stomach.

Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid, which helps denature proteins and kill pathogens.

Pepsin is a protease that breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides; it is activated from pepsinogen by hydrochloric acid.

The small intestine maximizes absorption through folds, villi, and microvilli, which increase the surface area.

The hepatic portal vein transports absorbed nutrients from the small intestine directly to the liver for detoxification and storage.

Primary active transport, which uses ATP, and secondary active transport, which uses the potential energy of a molecule.

CCK stimulates the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes and the gallbladder to release bile.

Enterokinase activates trypsinogen into trypsin, which then activates other proteases for protein digestion.

The crop is a modified part of the esophagus used for food storage, allowing birds to regurgitate food to their young.