Developmental Biology exam Flashcards

The process by which a single cell divides to form two new cells, crucial for development.

Mitotic control regulates the timing and location of cell division, ensuring proper development.

The process by which an undifferentiated cell becomes specialized, such as a neuron or epithelial cell.

Regions in plants where stem cells are located and continue to develop throughout the plant's life.

Mechanisms by which neighboring cells influence each other's division and behavior.

The destiny of a cell, determined by differentiation, to become a specific cell type.

The process by which cells with the same genetic makeup express different genes, leading to diverse cell types.

Morphogens establish body axes and patterns by creating concentration gradients that guide cell behavior.

A subset of homeotic genes that control the development of specific anatomical structures.

A type of programmed cell death important for development, such as the separation of digits.

The control of which genes are transcribed into mRNA in a cell.

The control of which mRNA is translated into proteins, affecting cell phenotype.

Changes made to proteins after translation to enable specific functions in cells.

The complex organization of different cell fates in the body over space and time, controlled by genes.

The process of developing the body and its patterns, guided by morphogens.

The anterior axis is toward the head, and the posterior axis is toward the tail or bum.

The axis that runs from the back (dorsal) to the belly (ventral) of an organism.

A small subset of genes that control an organism's development.

Genes that control the development of specific anatomical structures.

Hox genes are highly conserved and have been passed down through evolution, controlling development across species.

Chemical signals fine-tune development by regulating gene expression and cell behavior.

Genes that help refine the major body axes during early development.

Genes that further refine the body plan by dividing the embryo into segments.

Genes that define the anterior and posterior ends of each segment in the developing embryo.

Genes that produce the final structures and functions in the developing organism.

Conserved processes indicate that many developmental mechanisms are shared across different species, linking development to evolution.

Cells use morphogens and their concentration gradients to determine their position and role in the body.

Transcription factors influence which genes are turned on or off in a cell, affecting its function and phenotype.

Animal cells move to form structures, while plant cells expand and change shape to achieve similar results.