Classes of Signaling Receptors quiz Flashcards

The three major types of cell surface receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and ligand-gated ion channels.

Cell surface receptors are typically found embedded in the cell membrane, on the surface of the target cell.

GPCR stands for G protein-coupled receptor, and it functions by binding to ligands and activating G proteins to initiate a signal transduction pathway.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) typically have two domains: an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular kinase domain.

Ligand-gated ion channels operate by changing conformation from a closed to an open state upon ligand binding, allowing ions to flow through the membrane.

Small hydrophobic molecules can freely diffuse across the cell membrane to interact with intracellular receptors.

Intracellular receptors are located inside the target cell, within the cytoplasm or nucleus.

When a small hydrophobic molecule binds to an intracellular receptor, it triggers a cascade of events that ultimately generates a cellular response.

The primary function of cell signaling in multicellular organisms is to maintain homeostasis by enabling communication between cells.

The two main types of cell signaling are direct cell signaling and indirect cell signaling.

Ligands bind to receptors, either on the cell surface or intracellularly, to initiate a signal transduction pathway.

Cell surface receptors are embedded in the cell membrane and interact with extracellular ligands, while intracellular receptors are located inside the cell and interact with ligands that have diffused across the membrane.

The kinase domain of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is responsible for phosphorylating specific tyrosine residues, which activates downstream signaling pathways.

The binding of a ligand to a GPCR causes a conformational change in the receptor, which then activates the associated G protein by facilitating the exchange of GDP for GTP.