Central and Peripheral Nervous System exam Flashcards

Comprises the brain and spinal cord.

Relays information to and from the CNS and is divided into the somatic and autonomic systems.

It isolates the CNS from toxins and pathogens in the blood.

Consists mostly of neuron cell bodies and is found on the outside of the brain and inside the spinal cord.

Consists mostly of myelinated axons and is found inside the brain and on the outside of the spinal cord.

Bundles of axons traveling together within the CNS.

A neural pathway that controls an involuntary response to a stimulus, bypassing the brain.

Controls voluntary movements and includes afferent and efferent divisions.

Regulates involuntary functions and includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Norepinephrine.

Acetylcholine.

Includes the cerebrum, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb; responsible for functions like sensory processing and motor control.

Part of the brainstem that connects the forebrain to the hindbrain and is involved in eye movement and visual processing.

Includes the medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum; connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic life functions.

The largest part of the brain, responsible for thinking, planning, and reasoning.

A bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Plans and executes voluntary movements.

Processes sensory information from the body.

Processes visual information.

Involved in hearing, language, and visual processing.

The specialization of functions in the left and right hemispheres.

Involved in speech production and located in the frontal lobe.

Involved in language comprehension and located in the temporal lobe.

Acts as a relay center for sensory information in the brain.

Links the nervous system to the endocrine system and is involved in homeostasis.

Involved in the formation of long-term and spatial memory.

Involved in emotional processing.

Coordinates motor functions and maintains posture and balance.

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections.

The long-term strengthening of synapses based on activity patterns, involved in learning and memory.