Assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle exam Flashcards

A Hardy-Weinberg assumption where all individuals have an equal chance to mate, ensuring stable allele frequencies.

Nonrandom mating affects genotype frequencies but does not change allele frequencies.

A change in DNA sequence that introduces new alleles into a population, affecting genotype frequencies.

Mutation introduces new alleles, changing genotype frequencies and potentially pushing the population out of equilibrium.

A process where certain alleles are favored and others are eliminated, affecting allele frequencies in a population.

Natural selection can remove specific alleles, changing allele frequencies and disrupting Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

An assumption of Hardy-Weinberg where a large population minimizes the effects of genetic drift.

A large population size reduces the impact of random chance on allele frequencies, maintaining equilibrium.

Random changes in allele frequencies that occur in small populations, leading to deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

The movement of alleles into or out of a population, altering allele frequencies.

Gene flow introduces or removes alleles, changing allele frequencies and disrupting equilibrium.

Processes that change allele frequencies in a population, including mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow.

Random mating, no mutation, no natural selection, a large population size, and no gene flow.

Random mating ensures that allele frequencies remain stable across generations.

Mutation introduces new genetic variations, which can be acted upon by other evolutionary mechanisms.

By favoring certain alleles over others, natural selection changes allele frequencies.

An infinite population size ensures that allele frequencies match expected probabilities without random deviations.

Genetic drift causes random changes in allele frequencies, leading to deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Gene flow introduces new alleles into a population or removes them, altering allele frequencies.

No mutation ensures that new alleles are not introduced, keeping allele frequencies stable.

No natural selection ensures that all alleles have an equal chance of being passed on, maintaining stable allele frequencies.

In large populations, random changes in allele frequencies are less likely to occur, maintaining equilibrium.

Gene flow can introduce new alleles or remove existing ones, changing the genetic makeup of a population.

It provides a baseline for studying how populations evolve and the factors that cause genetic changes.

Violating any assumption can lead to changes in allele frequencies, indicating that evolution is occurring.

Random mating pairs alleles without preference, while nonrandom mating pairs specific genotypes more frequently.

Genetic drift has a larger impact on small populations, causing more significant changes in allele frequencies.