Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation exam Flashcards

Speciation that occurs when populations evolve in different geographic areas, leading to reproductive isolation.

Speciation that occurs within the same geographic area, often through mechanisms like polyploidy or disruptive selection.

The movement of individuals from one place to another, leading to geographic isolation and potentially allopatric speciation.

The physical splitting of a habitat, resulting in geographic isolation and potentially allopatric speciation.

A condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes, often leading to sympatric speciation.

Selection for divergent phenotypes within a population, which can lead to sympatric speciation if accompanied by reproductive isolation.

A state in which two populations can no longer interbreed, leading to the formation of new species.

Allopatric speciation occurs in different geographic areas, while sympatric speciation occurs in the same geographic area.

Mate choice can lead to reproductive isolation within the same geographic area, contributing to sympatric speciation.

A reduction in genetic diversity that occurs when a small population colonizes a new habitat, often seen in dispersal events.

A type of polyploidy that occurs within a single species due to a cell division error, resulting in extra sets of chromosomes.

A type of polyploidy that occurs through hybridization between two species followed by a cell division error.

Vicariance physically splits a habitat, leading to geographic and genetic isolation, which can result in speciation.

Genetic isolation prevents gene flow between populations, allowing them to evolve independently and potentially form new species.

Polyploidy results in extra sets of chromosomes, causing reproductive isolation from the original population and forming a new species.

Microhabitat niches can lead to reproductive isolation within the same geographic area, contributing to sympatric speciation.

Dispersal involves movement to a new habitat, while vicariance involves the physical splitting of an existing habitat.

Disruptive selection favors divergent phenotypes, and if accompanied by reproductive isolation, it can lead to sympatric speciation.

A form of reproductive isolation where populations reproduce in different habitats, often leading to allopatric speciation.

Sympatric speciation is less common because it is harder to achieve reproductive isolation within the same geographic area.

Gene flow between populations can prevent speciation by keeping the populations genetically similar.

Self-fertilization allows polyploid plants to reproduce even when they have extra sets of chromosomes, leading to new species.

A cell division error can double the number of chromosomes, leading to polyploidy and potentially new species.

Hybridization between two species followed by a cell division error can result in an allopolyploid organism with extra sets of chromosomes.

A vicarious event leads to geographic and genetic isolation, allowing populations to evolve independently and potentially form new species.

The founder effect reduces genetic diversity in a new population, which can lead to rapid evolutionary changes.

Reproductive isolation is crucial for speciation as it prevents interbreeding and allows populations to evolve independently.

Mate choice can result in individuals preferring to mate with similar phenotypes, leading to reproductive isolation and speciation.