Adaptive Immunity quiz Flashcards

The main types of cells involved in the adaptive immune system are T cells and B cells.

T cells mature in the thymus, while B cells mature in the bone marrow.

Antibodies produced by B cells help recruit immune cells and fight pathogens directly.

The spleen filters the blood, removing damaged or dead red blood cells.

MALT stands for mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue and is found in the gut and respiratory tract.

A B cell receptor is made up of two heavy chains and two light chains.

T cell receptors are made of an alpha chain and a beta chain, unlike B cell receptors which have heavy and light chains.

Antigen presentation is the display of antigens on cell surfaces using MHC proteins, involving cells like dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells.

MHC class I proteins are expressed by all cells and display internal antigens, while MHC class II proteins are expressed by antigen-presenting cells and display external antigens.

CD4+ T cells become activated and undergo clonal expansion to form helper T cells.

Cytotoxic T cells kill pathogen-infected cells by inducing cell death.

Helper T cells assist by activating other immune cells and secreting cytokines to recruit more immune cells.

Opsonization is when antibodies bind to pathogens, making them easier targets for macrophages and neutrophils.

The primary immune response occurs the first time an infection is encountered, while the secondary immune response is faster and stronger due to memory cells.

Vaccination introduces a weakened or killed form of a pathogen to prime the immune system for a secondary immune response.

The three main components are antigens, antigen receptors, and antibodies.

An epitope is a specific part of an antigen that is recognized and bound by antibodies or antigen receptors.

B cell receptors are membrane-bound antibodies, while T cell receptors are similar to one arm of a B cell receptor and require antigen presentation.

Memory cells provide a rapid and robust response upon re-exposure to a previously encountered pathogen.

It allows the immune system to distinguish between the body's own cells and foreign pathogens, preventing autoimmune reactions.

MHC class I proteins display intracellular antigens to cytotoxic T cells, signaling an infection within the cell.

Clonal selection theory states that antigens select specific lymphocytes to clone and form effector and memory cells.

Effector cells take immediate action against pathogens, while memory cells remain in the body to respond to future infections.

Helper T cells assist in activating other immune cells and secrete cytokines to recruit additional immune cells.

Opsonization is the process where antibodies bind to pathogens, making them easier targets for phagocytes like macrophages and neutrophils.

Plasma cells are effector B cells that produce and secrete large amounts of antibodies.

Active immunity involves the body's own production of antibodies in response to an infection, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another individual.

Vaccination primes the immune system by introducing a weakened or killed form of a pathogen, allowing for a rapid secondary immune response upon actual infection.

Cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells by inducing apoptosis, thereby preventing the spread of the pathogen.