40. Circulatory System

Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply? a. the lungs of a vertebrate b. the gills of a fish c. the tracheal system of an insect d. the skin of an earthworm

Which of the following statements regarding the insect tracheal system is/are correct? Select True or False for each statement. T/F Tracheae dilate and constrict during flight or other types of movement, functioning as a 'breathing' mechanism. T/F Spiracles open into the body cavity, allowing direct contact between the air and hemolymph. T/F Tracheae carry oxygen to alveoli; here the oxygen diffuses into the hemolymph to be delivered to tissues. T/F Spiracles can close to minimize water loss.

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the a. left atrium. b. right atrium. c. left ventricle. d. right ventricle.

Label the parts of the human respiratory system. a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

Identify at least two advantages of breathing air instead of water.

Which of the following body systems facilitates (but doesn't regulate) the functions of the other systems? respiratory system endocrine system digestive system circulatory system

Describe the disadvantages of an open circulatory system relative to a closed circulatory system.

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is a. the number of heart chambers. b. a complete separation of circuits for circulation. c. the number of circuits for circulation. d. a low blood pressure in the systemic circuit.

If a molecule of CO2 released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose, it must pass through all of the following except a. the pulmonary vein. b. the trachea. c. the right atrium. d. the right ventricle.

In which of the following organisms does oxygen diffuse directly across a respiratory surface to cells, without being carried by the blood? a. a grasshopper b. a whale c. an earthworm d. a mouse

What is the function of the cilia in the trachea and bronchi? a. to sweep air into and out of the lungs b. to increase the surface area for gas exchange c. to dislodge food that may have slipped past the epiglottis d. to sweep mucus with trapped particles up and out of the respiratory tract

What do the alveoli of mammalian lungs, the gill filaments of fish, and the tracheal tubes of insects have in common? a. use of a circulatory system to transport gases b. respiratory surfaces that are infoldings of the body wall c. countercurrent exchange d. a large, moist surface area for gas exchange

The diaphragm is a large sheet of muscle that helps move air in and out of your lungs. Breathing is automatically controlled by the brain, but you can choose to hold your breath or breathe deeper. What kind of muscle do you suppose makes up the diaphragm? (Explain your answer.)

Predict how Antarctic icefish can transport enough oxygen in their blood to meet their needs even though they lack hemoglobin.

Why did separate systemic and pulmonary circulations evolve in species that have the high-pressure circulatory system required for rapid movement of blood?

Trace the path of an oxygen molecule in its journey from the air to a muscle cell in your arm, naming all the structures involved along the way.