10. Cell Signaling
Signal Amplification
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- Multiple Choice
Kinases and phosphatases are essential to the cell because they:
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What role do phosphatases play in signal transduction pathways?
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Phosphorylation cascades are useful signal transduction pathways because they ________.
2715views3rank2comments - Multiple ChoiceIn liver cells, epinephrine stimulates the breakdown of glycogen. As the signal-transduction pathway progresses, __________.785views
- Textbook Question
The activation of receptor tyrosine kinases is characterized by a. dimerization and phosphorylation. b. dimerization and IP3 binding. c. a phosphorylation cascade. d. GTP hydrolysis.
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Consider this pathway: epinephrine → G protein-coupled receptor → G protein → adenylyl cyclase → cAMP. Identify the second messenger. a. cAMP b. G protein c. GTP d. adenylyl cyclase
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Which observation suggested to Sutherland the involvement of a second messenger in epinephrine's effect on liver cells? a. Enzymatic activity was proportional to the amount of calcium added to a cell-free extract. b. Receptor studies indicated that epinephrine was a ligand. c. Glycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine was administered to intact cells. d. Glycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine and glycogen phosphorylase were mixed.
976views - Textbook QuestionProtein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of the following except a. activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. b. activation of protein kinase molecules. c. activation of G protein-coupled receptors. d. regulation of transcription by signaling molecules.2155views