Of the viruses highlighted in Section 33.4, predict which of the following would be able to make viral proteins if nothing more than its genome were injected into a suitable host cell. a. pea mosaic ([+]ssRNA) virus b. bluetongue (dsRNA) virus c. measles ([−]ssRNA) virus d. human immunodeficiency (RNA reverse-transcribing) virus

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the type of RNA each virus contains. Pea mosaic virus has positive-sense single-stranded RNA ([+]ssRNA), bluetongue virus has double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), measles virus has negative-sense single-stranded RNA ([−]ssRNA), and human immunodeficiency virus is an RNA reverse-transcribing virus.
2. Understand the replication process for each type of RNA. Positive-sense RNA ([+]ssRNA) can be directly translated into viral proteins by the host's ribosomes. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and negative-sense RNA ([−]ssRNA) require their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to first create a positive-sense RNA strand that can be translated.
3. Recognize that RNA reverse-transcribing viruses, like the human immunodeficiency virus, first need to reverse transcribe their RNA into DNA, which then integrates into the host's genome and is transcribed back into RNA before translation.
4. Conclude that the pea mosaic virus ([+]ssRNA) can directly make viral proteins when its genome is injected into a host cell because its RNA can be immediately translated by the host's ribosomes.
5. Determine that the bluetongue (dsRNA) virus, measles ([−]ssRNA) virus, and human immunodeficiency (RNA reverse-transcribing) virus cannot make viral proteins directly from just their genomes being injected into a host cell, as they require additional processes or enzymes not provided by the host cell alone.

Video transcript

Hello everyone and welcome to today's video. So today we have that which of the following is not capable of producing viral proteins when injected alone into a suitable whole cell. So one thing that we need to remember and the way that we're going to be able to solve this problem is that we need to remember what we need to produce viral proteins or proteins in general and to produce proteins we need M. RNA. But most importantly when it's single stranded RNA. And the reason for this is that this is translated into proteins or viral proteins. So if we have double stranded as we see here RNA. Or if we have reverse transcribing DNA viruses, these viruses won't be able to translate their user M. R. N. A. Or their genetic info directly into proteins. There are certain modifications that we need to that they need to undergo in order for them to be ready for translation. Because of these the only viruses that will be able to translate their genetic information directly into proteins will be this positive sense single stranded RNA viruses. Neither diverse transcribing double stranded DNA viruses or double stranded RNA viruses will be able to undergo this process because of these or answer choice will be answer choice D. Both A and C. I really hope this video helped you and I hope to see you on the next one