Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 40m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 20m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 52m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 57m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

2. Chemistry

Introduction to Chemical Bonding

General Biology

2. Chemistry

Introduction to Chemical Bonding

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1:25 minutes

Problem 8`

Textbook Question

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products?
C₆H₁₂O₆ → _C₂H₆O + _CO₂
a. 2; 1
b. 3; 1
c. 1; 3
d. 2; 2

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the number of each type of atom in the reactant, C6H12O6. There are 6 carbon (C), 12 hydrogen (H), and 6 oxygen (O) atoms.

Write the chemical formulas for the products: C2H6O (ethanol) and CO2 (carbon dioxide). Ethanol contains 2 carbon, 6 hydrogen, and 1 oxygen atom, while carbon dioxide contains 1 carbon and 2 oxygen atoms.

Set up a system of equations to balance the atoms. For carbon: 6 = 2x + y, where x is the coefficient for C2H6O and y is the coefficient for CO2.

For hydrogen: 12 = 6x, solve for x to find the coefficient for C2H6O.

For oxygen: 6 = x + 2y, solve for y using the value of x obtained from the hydrogen balance.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Chemical Equation Balancing

Balancing chemical equations involves ensuring that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This reflects the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. To balance an equation, coefficients are adjusted to achieve equal numbers of each type of atom in the reactants and products.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions. It uses the balanced chemical equation to determine the proportions of substances involved. Understanding stoichiometry is essential for predicting the amounts of products formed and reactants needed, as it relies on the mole concept and the relationships between different chemical species.

Molecular Composition

Molecular composition refers to the specific arrangement and number of atoms in a molecule, which defines its chemical identity. In the context of the given equation, understanding the molecular composition of glucose (C6H12O6), ethanol (C2H6O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) is crucial for determining how these molecules can be rearranged and balanced in a chemical reaction.