Homologous pairs of chromosomes                   . a. are two different chromosomes attached to each other; b. are exact copies of one chromosome that are attached to each other; c. are separated from each other during meiosis I; d. are separated from each other during interphase; e. are chromosomes that carry different genes

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of homologous chromosomes: Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and carry genes for the same traits, but they come from different parents (one from the mother and one from the father).
2. Analyze the options: Review each option to determine if it correctly describes homologous chromosomes based on their definition and characteristics.
3. Consider the process of meiosis: Recall that meiosis is the type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell. This process involves the separation of homologous chromosomes.
4. Evaluate the options related to chromosome separation: Determine which phase of meiosis or cell cycle involves the separation of homologous chromosomes.
5. Eliminate incorrect options: Based on the definition and characteristics of homologous chromosomes, as well as the knowledge of cell division, eliminate options that do not accurately describe when and how homologous chromosomes are separated or what they represent.

Key Concepts

Homologous Chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have the same structure and gene sequence but may carry different alleles. One chromosome of each pair is inherited from each parent, and they align during meiosis to facilitate genetic recombination.

Meiosis

Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells. It consists of two rounds of division: meiosis I, where homologous chromosomes are separated, and meiosis II, where sister chromatids are separated, leading to genetic diversity in gametes.

Interphase

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division, including DNA replication. During interphase, chromosomes are not yet visible as distinct entities, and homologous chromosomes remain unseparated, existing as chromatin within the nucleus.