In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to a. substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis. b. oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration. c. carbon fixation. d. reduction of NADP+.

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Identify the process involved: Photophosphorylation is a process in photosynthesis where ATP is formed utilizing the energy of sunlight.

Understand the options: Compare photophosphorylation with each of the given options to find the most similar mechanism.

Analyze option b: Oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration also involves the generation of ATP through a chemiosmotic mechanism, similar to photophosphorylation.

Eliminate other options: Substrate-level phosphorylation involves direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP without a chemiosmotic mechanism, carbon fixation involves the incorporation of CO2 into organic molecules, and reduction of NADP+ is an electron transfer reaction, not directly involved in ATP synthesis.

Conclude that the correct answer is b. oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, as both processes involve ATP synthesis through a chemiosmotic mechanism.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Photophosphorylation

Photophosphorylation is the process by which ATP is produced using the energy from light during photosynthesis. It occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light energy is converted into chemical energy, driving the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. This process is essential for providing the energy required for various cellular activities.

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Substrate-level phosphorylation is a method of generating ATP directly in metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. In this process, a phosphate group is transferred from a phosphorylated substrate to ADP, forming ATP. This contrasts with oxidative phosphorylation, which relies on an electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

Oxidative phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the mitochondria, where ATP is produced through the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred through a series of proteins, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase. This process is crucial for energy production in aerobic organisms.