The Latin term Scala Naturae reflects which argument?

• A. Darwin’s argument for descent with modification.
• B. Aristotle’s argument that organisms can be arranged hierarchically by complexity.
• C. Plato’s argument that all individuals deviate from a divine ideal form.
• D. The modern biological argument that organisms should be organized by evolutionary relationships.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the term 'Scala Naturae': It is a concept introduced by Aristotle, which translates to 'Ladder of Nature'. This idea suggests that all living organisms can be arranged in a hierarchical order based on their complexity.
2. Identify the key figures associated with the Scala Naturae: Aristotle is the philosopher who proposed this idea, emphasizing a linear progression from simple to complex organisms.
3. Differentiate between the arguments: Darwin's argument for descent with modification focuses on evolutionary change over time, while Plato's argument involves the idea of ideal forms. The modern biological argument emphasizes organizing organisms based on evolutionary relationships.
4. Recognize the historical context: Scala Naturae is an ancient concept that predates modern evolutionary theory and reflects a static view of nature, unlike Darwin's dynamic view of evolution.
5. Conclude the correct association: Scala Naturae is linked to Aristotle's argument, which is about arranging organisms hierarchically by complexity, not related to Darwin's or modern biological arguments.