DRAW IT An artificial 'cell' consisting of an aqueous solution enclosed in a selectively permeable membrane is immersed in a beaker containing a different solution, the 'environment,' as shown in the accompanying diagram. The membrane is permeable to water and to the simple sugars glucose and fructose but impermeable to the disaccharide sucrose. a. Draw solid arrows to indicate the net movement of solutes into and/or out of the cell. b. Is the solution outside the cell isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic? c. Draw a dashed arrow to show the net osmosis, if any. d. Will the artificial cell become more flaccid, more turgid, or stay the same? e. Eventually, will the two solutions have the same or different solute concentrations?

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1. 1. To draw the net movement of solutes, you need to understand the concept of diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Since the membrane is permeable to glucose, fructose, and water, these molecules will move from where they are in higher concentration to where they are in lower concentration. If the concentration of these molecules is higher inside the artificial cell, draw arrows from the cell to the environment. If the concentration is higher in the environment, draw arrows from the environment to the cell.
2. 2. To determine if the solution outside the cell is isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic, you need to compare the total solute concentration inside the cell with that in the environment. If the concentration is the same, the solution is isotonic. If the concentration is lower outside the cell, the solution is hypotonic. If the concentration is higher outside the cell, the solution is hypertonic.
3. 3. Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. To show the net osmosis, draw a dashed arrow from the area of lower solute concentration to the area of higher solute concentration. If the solute concentration is the same on both sides, there will be no net osmosis.
4. 4. Whether the artificial cell becomes more flaccid, more turgid, or stays the same depends on the net movement of water. If water moves into the cell (from a hypotonic environment), the cell will become more turgid. If water moves out of the cell (into a hypertonic environment), the cell will become more flaccid. If there is no net movement of water (in an isotonic environment), the cell will stay the same.
5. 5. Eventually, the two solutions will have the same solute concentrations. This is because the membrane is permeable to water and the simple sugars glucose and fructose. These molecules will continue to move across the membrane until the concentrations on both sides are equal, a state known as equilibrium.