So now that we've introduced cell surface receptors in our previous lesson video, in this video, we're going to introduce intracellular receptors. Intracellular receptors, as their name implies, are receptor proteins found on the inside of a target cell, which is what intracellular means—on the inside of a cell. Recall from our previous lesson videos that really small hydrophobic molecules or signaling molecules are going to be able to freely diffuse across the membrane and into the cell. If we take a look at our example image down below at this basic intracellular signaling pathway right here, notice that we have a membrane representing the cell membrane. Up above in the blue background, we have the outside, the extracellular fluid, and down below here with the yellow background, we have the inside of the cell or the cytoplasm of the cell. Notice here, in red, we have a really small hydrophobic signaling molecule or ligand. Because it's small and hydrophobic, it can freely diffuse across the cell surface or the plasma membrane, and so its receptor is not going to be found on the cell surface or the plasma membrane. Instead, the small hydrophobic molecule will diffuse through the membrane and into the cell where it can interact with an intracellular receptor, which is this blue molecule you see right here. When the small hydrophobic molecule binds to the intracellular receptor, it will lead to a cascade of events that ultimately generates a cellular response. Intracellular signaling and intracellular receptors will be found specifically on the inside of the cell, not in the cell surface or the plasma membrane. This concludes our introduction to intracellular receptors. As we move forward in our course, we'll be able to get some practice applying the concepts that we've talked about. I'll see you all in our next video.
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10. Cell Signaling
Classes of Signaling Receptors
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