Which division of the autonomic nervous system would you expect to be activated if a person heard an intruder at the front door? a. parasympathetic b. sympathetic c. enteric

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the situation: A person hears an intruder at the front door, which is likely to trigger a stress or 'fight or flight' response.
2. Understand the role of the autonomic nervous system: It controls involuntary body functions and is divided into the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric divisions.
3. Recognize the function of the sympathetic division: It prepares the body for intense physical activity and is often referred to as the 'fight or flight' system.
4. Recognize the function of the parasympathetic division: It conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.
5. Determine the appropriate response: Since the situation involves a potential threat, the division that activates the 'fight or flight' response is most relevant.

Key Concepts

Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiological functions, including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and digestion. It is divided into three main divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric, each playing distinct roles in maintaining homeostasis and responding to stressors.

Sympathetic Nervous System

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's 'fight or flight' response, preparing the body to react to perceived threats. When activated, it increases heart rate, dilates airways, and redirects blood flow to muscles, enabling quick reactions in stressful situations, such as hearing an intruder.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

The parasympathetic nervous system promotes the 'rest and digest' state, counteracting the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. It conserves energy by slowing the heart rate, increasing intestinal and gland activity, and relaxing sphincter muscles, which is essential for recovery and maintenance of bodily functions after stress.