Most flowering plants can achieve pollination in several different ways. Those that produce pollen and carpels on the same plant may be self-pollinated, but they may also be cross-pollinated by insects or other pollinators. The cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) shown here is able to produce seed whether it is self- or cross-pollinated. Is one type of pollination better for reproductive success than the other? Why might it be advantageous for plants to promote cross-pollination? What are the advantages of self-pollination?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the terms: Self-pollination occurs when pollen from the same plant fertilizes its own ovules, leading to seed production. Cross-pollination involves pollen from one plant fertilizing the ovules of another plant, often facilitated by pollinators like insects or wind.
2. Consider genetic diversity: Cross-pollination generally results in greater genetic diversity among offspring. This diversity can lead to plants that are more resilient to environmental stresses and diseases, potentially enhancing reproductive success over generations.
3. Evaluate the reliability: Self-pollination is often seen as a more reliable method of reproduction because it does not depend on external pollinators. This can be advantageous in environments where pollinators are scarce or conditions are not favorable for pollinator activity.
4. Analyze the ecological context: In some cases, self-pollination might be advantageous for plants in stable, unchanging environments where maintaining a successful genotype is beneficial. In contrast, cross-pollination might be favored in more dynamic environments where adaptation to changing conditions is crucial.
5. Compare and contrast: While cross-pollination can lead to healthier and more adaptable plant populations, self-pollination ensures reproduction in the absence of pollinators and can stabilize a successful genetic lineage. The 'better' type of pollination can depend on specific environmental conditions and the evolutionary strategy of the plant species.