According to data presented in this chapter, which of the following are correct? Select True or False for each statement. T/F When individuals change in response to challenges from the environment, their altered traits are passed on to offspring. T/F Species are created independently of each other and do not change over time. T/F Populations—not individuals—change when natural selection occurs. T/F The traits of populations become more perfect over time.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: The first statement is False. This is a common misconception known as Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics. However, modern genetics has shown that only changes or mutations that occur in germ cells (the cells involved in reproduction) can be passed on to offspring.
2. Step 2: The second statement is also False. This statement contradicts the theory of evolution, which posits that species are not created independently but rather evolve from common ancestors over time. Furthermore, species do change over time due to processes such as natural selection and genetic drift.
3. Step 3: The third statement is True. Natural selection acts on populations, not individuals. While individuals may possess certain traits that make them more or less fit, it is the frequency of these traits within a population that changes over time due to natural selection.
4. Step 4: The fourth statement is False. The traits of populations do not necessarily become more 'perfect' over time. Instead, traits that increase an organism's fitness in its environment become more common. This does not mean that these traits are 'perfect', but rather that they are more suited to the organism's current environment.
5. Step 5: In conclusion, the correct answers are: False, False, True, False.