The transduction of sound waves into action potentials occurs a. in the tectorial membrane as it is stimulated by hair cells. b. when hair cells are bent against the tectorial membrane, causing them to depolarize and release neurotransmitter that stimulates sensory neurons. c. as the basilar membrane vibrates at different frequencies in response to the varying volume of sounds. d. within the middle ear as the vibrations are amplified by the malleus, incus, and stapes.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the location and process involved in the transduction of sound waves into action potentials. This process primarily occurs in the inner ear, specifically involving the hair cells.
2. Understand the role of hair cells in this process. Hair cells are sensory cells located in the cochlea of the inner ear, which have hair-like projections called stereocilia.
3. Recognize the interaction between hair cells and the tectorial membrane. When sound waves enter the cochlea, they cause the basilar membrane to move, which in turn causes the hair cells to bend against the tectorial membrane.
4. Link the bending of hair cells to the depolarization and neurotransmitter release. As the hair cells bend, they depolarize and release neurotransmitters at their base, which then stimulate the sensory neurons connected to them.
5. Choose the correct answer based on the understanding of the process. The correct answer is 'b' - when hair cells are bent against the tectorial membrane, causing them to depolarize and release neurotransmitter that stimulates sensory neurons.