The elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis
a. Progresses away from the replication fork
b. Occurs in the 3′→5′ direction
c. Produces Okazaki fragments
d. Depends on the action of DNA polymerase

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the process of DNA replication: DNA replication involves the synthesis of new DNA strands from a template strand. This occurs at the replication fork, where the DNA double helix is unwound.
2. Identify the role of the leading strand: During DNA replication, the leading strand is synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork. This is because it is oriented in the 5′ to 3′ direction, which is the direction in which DNA polymerase can add nucleotides.
3. Recognize the function of DNA polymerase: DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand. It can only add nucleotides to the 3′ end of the strand, thus synthesizing DNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
4. Differentiate between leading and lagging strands: The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments, which are later joined together.
5. Evaluate the options: Based on the understanding of DNA replication, determine which option correctly describes the elongation of the leading strand. Consider the direction of synthesis and the role of DNA polymerase.

Key Concepts

DNA Replication

DNA replication is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material. It involves unwinding the double helix and synthesizing new strands using the original strands as templates. This process is crucial for cell division and is highly regulated to maintain genetic fidelity.

Leading Strand Synthesis

During DNA replication, the leading strand is synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork movement. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in the 5′ to 3′ direction, which is complementary to the template strand. This continuous synthesis contrasts with the lagging strand, which is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments.

Role of DNA Polymerase

DNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain. It requires a primer to initiate synthesis and works in the 5′ to 3′ direction. DNA polymerase also has proofreading abilities to correct errors, ensuring high fidelity during DNA replication, which is essential for accurate genetic transmission.