A minimal genetic code requires only 21 codons—one for each amino acid, and one for a stop signal. Given this, what advantage might be offered by having a code with 64 codons?

Verified step by step guidance

1. The genetic code with 64 codons allows for redundancy, which means that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. This redundancy can reduce the effects of mutations, as a change in one nucleotide might still result in the same amino acid being incorporated into a protein.
2. Having 64 codons allows for the inclusion of start codons, which are essential for signaling the beginning of protein synthesis. This helps in the efficient and accurate initiation of translation.
3. A larger number of codons can provide a finer control over the regulation of gene expression. Certain codons are translated faster or more accurately than others, which can influence the levels and functionality of proteins.
4. The expanded genetic code can accommodate evolutionary changes better. It provides a framework that can potentially incorporate novel amino acids, which can give rise to new protein functions and structures.
5. The diversity of codons in the 64-codon system allows for the evolution of more complex organisms with more intricate biological processes, as it offers a broader range of genetic possibilities and combinations.