Which scientist was one of the first proponents of uniformitarianism and suggested the Earth was much older than a few thousand years?

• A. Georges Cuvier.
• B. Charles Lyell.
• C. Alfred Russel Wallace.
• D. James Hutton.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of uniformitarianism: Uniformitarianism is the principle that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe. This concept suggests that the Earth is shaped by slow, continuous processes rather than sudden, catastrophic events.
2. Identify key figures associated with uniformitarianism: James Hutton is often credited as the founder of uniformitarianism. He proposed that the Earth was much older than previously thought, suggesting that geological processes occur over long periods of time.
3. Consider the historical context: During the time of James Hutton, many believed the Earth was only a few thousand years old. Hutton's ideas challenged this notion by proposing that the Earth was shaped by ongoing processes over millions of years.
4. Differentiate between scientists: Georges Cuvier was known for his work in paleontology and catastrophism, Charles Lyell further developed Hutton's ideas in his book 'Principles of Geology', and Alfred Russel Wallace is known for his work on evolution and natural selection.
5. Conclude with the correct answer: Based on the concept of uniformitarianism and historical contributions, James Hutton is recognized as one of the first proponents of uniformitarianism, suggesting the Earth was much older than a few thousand years.