What are the defining characteristics of a condensation reaction? a. Two monomers are covalently bonded together and a water molecule is produced. b. Two monomers are covalently bonded together and a water molecule is used up. c. A polymer is broken down into monomers and a water molecule is produced. d. A polymer is broken down into monomers and a water molecule is used up.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the key concept: A condensation reaction, also known as dehydration synthesis, involves the bonding of monomers to form a polymer.
2. Understand the role of water: In a condensation reaction, a water molecule is typically released (produced) when two monomers bond together.
3. Analyze the options: Option a states that two monomers are covalently bonded and a water molecule is produced, which aligns with the definition of a condensation reaction.
4. Eliminate incorrect options: Options b, c, and d involve scenarios where water is used up or where polymers are broken down, which are characteristics of hydrolysis, not condensation reactions.
5. Conclude with the correct answer: The correct answer is a, as it accurately describes a condensation reaction where two monomers are covalently bonded together and a water molecule is produced.

Key Concepts

Condensation Reaction

A condensation reaction, also known as a dehydration synthesis, is a chemical process where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, releasing a small molecule, typically water, as a byproduct. This reaction is fundamental in the formation of polymers from monomers, such as in the synthesis of proteins from amino acids or carbohydrates from simple sugars.

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, which allows for the formation of stable molecules. In the context of condensation reactions, covalent bonds are formed between monomers, resulting in the creation of larger macromolecules. This type of bonding is crucial for the structural integrity and function of biological macromolecules.

Water as a Byproduct

In condensation reactions, water is produced as a byproduct when two monomers are joined together. This occurs because a hydroxyl group (–OH) from one monomer and a hydrogen atom (–H) from another monomer combine to form water (H2O). Understanding the role of water in these reactions is essential for grasping how biological macromolecules are synthesized and how they function in living organisms.