In this video, we're going to do a recap of prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells. And so notice down below we have this chart, and the chart is broken up into 3 different sections. We've got the left section over here, which is all about prokaryotic cells. Then we have the right section over here in green, which is all about eukaryotic cells. And then in the middle here, we have features of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. And so what you'll notice through the numbering that we have over here and over there is that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells really have 8 key differences, and so we're going to go through the differences first and then we'll wrap up talking about the similarities. So the first and major key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that prokaryotic cells, once again, have no nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus. Now also their size is really different, so prokaryotic cells tend to be much smaller, only somewhere between 1 to 10 micrometers, whereas eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, are much larger, and they can be between 10 to 100 micrometers on average, and so that's significantly larger. This means that prokaryotic cells, because they're smaller, are going to be less complex, whereas eukaryotic cells that are larger, are going to be more complex. Now, prokaryotic cells are only going to be unicellular, made up of only one single cell. Whereas, eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, can either be unicellular or they can be multicellular as well. So all multicellular organisms are going to be eukaryotic. Now in terms of the DNA, prokaryotic cells have circular DNA in shape, whereas eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, have DNA that is linear in its shape. Now prokaryotic cells have absolutely no membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells do have membrane-bound organelles. Now in terms of the type of cell division, prokaryotic cells divide by a process called binary fission, which is much simpler than the process that eukaryotic cells divide by, and that is going to be mitosis and cytokinesis. And so, we'll talk more about mitosis and cytokinesis later in our course in a different video. And then last but not least, prokaryotic cells have very small ribosomes that we call 70S ribosomes, where the 70 here implies the size here, that they're smaller. Whereas, eukaryotic cells, they have larger 80S ribosomes, so the 80 here is larger than 70, and that's why eukaryotic cells have larger ribosomes. Now those are the 8 key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but once again, they do have some similarities that we have here in the middle. And so both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are going to have a cell membrane. All cells have a cell membrane, and we'll get to talk more about the cell membrane in a different part of our course. Now, also, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain the major biomolecules that we talked about in some of our previous lesson videos, including carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. So both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells take advantage of these major biomolecules here. And so this here really concludes our recap of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and we'll be able to apply the concepts that we've learned here as we move forward through our course. So I'll see you all in our next video.
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Biology2h 40m
- 2. Chemistry3h 40m
- 3. Water1h 26m
- 4. Biomolecules2h 23m
- 5. Cell Components2h 26m
- 6. The Membrane2h 31m
- 7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
- 8. Respiration2h 40m
- 9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
- 10. Cell Signaling59m
- 11. Cell Division2h 47m
- 12. Meiosis2h 0m
- 13. Mendelian Genetics4h 41m
- Introduction to Mendel's Experiments7m
- Genotype vs. Phenotype17m
- Punnett Squares13m
- Mendel's Experiments26m
- Mendel's Laws18m
- Monohybrid Crosses16m
- Test Crosses14m
- Dihybrid Crosses20m
- Punnett Square Probability26m
- Incomplete Dominance vs. Codominance20m
- Epistasis7m
- Non-Mendelian Genetics12m
- Pedigrees6m
- Autosomal Inheritance21m
- Sex-Linked Inheritance43m
- X-Inactivation9m
- 14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
- 15. Gene Expression3h 20m
- 16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
- Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression13m
- Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons27m
- The Lac Operon21m
- Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon25m
- The Trp Operon20m
- Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon11m
- Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation9m
- Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications16m
- Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control22m
- Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation28m
- Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation13m
- 17. Viruses37m
- 18. Biotechnology2h 58m
- 19. Genomics17m
- 20. Development1h 5m
- 21. Evolution3h 1m
- 22. Evolution of Populations3h 52m
- 23. Speciation1h 37m
- 24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
- 25. Phylogeny2h 31m
- 26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
- 27. Protists1h 12m
- 28. Plants1h 22m
- 29. Fungi36m
- 30. Overview of Animals34m
- 31. Invertebrates1h 2m
- 32. Vertebrates50m
- 33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
- 34. Vascular Plant Transport2m
- 35. Soil37m
- 36. Plant Reproduction47m
- 37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
- 38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
- 39. Digestive System10m
- 40. Circulatory System1h 57m
- 41. Immune System1h 12m
- 42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- 43. Endocrine System4m
- 44. Animal Reproduction2m
- 45. Nervous System55m
- 46. Sensory Systems46m
- 47. Muscle Systems23m
- 48. Ecology3h 11m
- Introduction to Ecology20m
- Biogeography14m
- Earth's Climate Patterns50m
- Introduction to Terrestrial Biomes10m
- Terrestrial Biomes: Near Equator13m
- Terrestrial Biomes: Temperate Regions10m
- Terrestrial Biomes: Northern Regions15m
- Introduction to Aquatic Biomes27m
- Freshwater Aquatic Biomes14m
- Marine Aquatic Biomes13m
- 49. Animal Behavior28m
- 50. Population Ecology3h 41m
- Introduction to Population Ecology28m
- Population Sampling Methods23m
- Life History12m
- Population Demography17m
- Factors Limiting Population Growth14m
- Introduction to Population Growth Models22m
- Linear Population Growth6m
- Exponential Population Growth29m
- Logistic Population Growth32m
- r/K Selection10m
- The Human Population22m
- 51. Community Ecology2h 46m
- Introduction to Community Ecology2m
- Introduction to Community Interactions9m
- Community Interactions: Competition (-/-)38m
- Community Interactions: Exploitation (+/-)23m
- Community Interactions: Mutualism (+/+) & Commensalism (+/0)9m
- Community Structure35m
- Community Dynamics26m
- Geographic Impact on Communities21m
- 52. Ecosystems2h 36m
- 53. Conservation Biology24m
5. Cell Components
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
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