What do proximate explanations of behavior focus on? a. how displays and other types of behavior have changed through time, or evolved b. the 'adaptive significance' of a behavior c. genetic, neurological, and hormonal mechanisms of behavior d. appropriate experimental methods when studying behavior

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that proximate explanations in biology refer to the immediate causes or mechanisms of behavior, such as genetic, neurological, and hormonal influences.
2. Recognize that option 'c' directly mentions genetic, neurological, and hormonal mechanisms, which are typical examples of proximate causes in the study of behavior.
3. Compare the other options: 'a' refers to the evolutionary history (ultimate causes), 'b' refers to the evolutionary benefits or functions (ultimate causes), and 'd' refers to methodology rather than explanations.
4. Conclude that the correct answer must focus on the immediate biological mechanisms that result in a specific behavior.
5. Select option 'c' as it specifically addresses the proximate explanations by mentioning genetic, neurological, and hormonal mechanisms of behavior.

Key Concepts

Proximate vs. Ultimate Explanations

In biology, proximate explanations focus on the immediate causes of behavior, such as genetic, neurological, and hormonal mechanisms. These explanations address how behaviors occur in the short term, contrasting with ultimate explanations, which consider the evolutionary significance and adaptive value of behaviors over time.

Mechanisms of Behavior

The mechanisms of behavior encompass the biological processes that underlie actions and reactions in organisms. This includes the roles of genes, brain structures, and hormones, which interact to produce specific behaviors in response to environmental stimuli.

Behavioral Adaptation

Behavioral adaptation refers to how certain behaviors enhance an organism's survival and reproductive success in its environment. Understanding these adaptations requires examining both proximate mechanisms and the evolutionary pressures that shape behavior over generations.