What trait(s) characterize the vertebrates? a. vertebrae and a cranium b. jaws and a spinal cord c. bony endoskeleton d. notochord and post-anal tail

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the key traits that are unique to vertebrates. Vertebrates are a subphylum under the phylum Chordata, and they possess certain distinguishing characteristics.
2. Consider the presence of a vertebrae and a cranium. The vertebrae is a series of bones that make up the vertebral column or spine, providing structural support and protecting the spinal cord. The cranium is a skull that houses and protects the brain.
3. Evaluate the options that include traits not exclusive to vertebrates but to all chordates, such as the notochord and the post-anal tail, which are present in all chordate embryos.
4. Analyze the options that mention structures like jaws and a spinal cord. While important, these are either developments seen in specific groups of vertebrates or are characteristic of all chordates (spinal cord).
5. Conclude by selecting the option that lists traits essential and unique to all vertebrates, which are fundamental for their classification within the animal kingdom.