Hello, everyone. In this lesson, we are going to be going over the major parts of the brain. Okay. So the brain is going to be in the Central Nervous System. Remember, the Central Nervous System is going to be the brain and the spinal cord. The Peripheral Nervous System is everything else that's not the brain or the spinal cord, but it's still part of the nervous system. So things like spinal nerves, and the nerves in your hands, and things like that. But we're talking about the central nervous system, so we're talking about the brain and the spinal cord. And specifically, we're going to go over the different regions of the brain that you are going to need to know. So obviously, the brain is the most famous organ in the human body, and you've probably seen diagrams like this before, but you may have not known exactly which portions of the brain you were looking at. So we're going to talk about the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain.
Now, the Forebrain is going to include things like the Cerebrum, the Hypothalamus, olfactory bulb. It's going to include some other things as well, which are a little bit more detailed that you'll learn more about later. Now, the forebrain is going to be this region that you see here in orange. And fore means in front, and brain obviously means brain. And you may be thinking, but wait, that orange part isn't in the front of the brain, is it? Because this would be the front, or the Anterior side, and this would be the posterior, or backside. So, if we cut the Brain in half, this is what it would look like from the side view, the lateral view. And this should be the front, this portion of your brain here. But, you can see that the forebrain wraps all the way around to the posterior side. So you might be saying, why is it called the forebrain if it's not in just the front? That is because the forebrain, whenever it was developing inside of the fetus, was actually in the front. And whenever you're developing as a fetus your forebrain is going to be called your Prosencephalon. Which I know sounds like a lot, and you guys probably don't have to know this information. I just wanted to let you know, why it's called the forebrain. That's because in the fetus, that particular region, the prosencephalon that becomes the forebrain is in the front of your head. And just for, just so you guys know, cephalon or cephalic means brain. So whenever you see something like this, cephalic, or you see that particular cephalon, cephalic, those particular, letters in a word. It's generally going to be dealing with the brain.
Now, we're going to talk about the midbrain. This is going to be a portion of the brain stem, kind of like the upper portion of the brain stem that connects the forebrain to the hindbrain, which you can see here in green. So, there's going to be some very interesting structures in here, which we will talk about a little bit later, but basically it's connecting the Brainstem to the forebrain. And it is going to be used for a whole bunch of different things. It's going to be utilized for eye movement. It's going to be utilized for processing visual information before it's sent to the Occipital Lobe. It's going to be utilized for coordination and your alertness. And your Midbrain is also going to have a particular name in development, and this is going to be the Mesencephalon. Which I do not believe you need to know this, but I just wanted to let you know that that is what it is called in the developing fetus. And again, you can see that cephalon, that cephalic word in there meaning brain, so your middle brain.
Now, I forgot to tell you, all the different crazy functions that your forebrain can do. Your forebrain is gigantic. It is going to do so many different things. It is obviously the majority of your brain, as you can see there in orange. It's going to control your sleep. It's going to control your reproduction, your eating, your body temperature. It's going to control your motor functions, your emotional functions, and it's going to do a lot of your interpretation and thinking. Okay? Alright.
So, now let's move on to the Hindbrain which is going to be more composed of the Brainstem, but it's going to include the Medulla Oblongata, Pons, and Cerebellum. And it's going to be the lower portion of the Brainstem. This is a very important portion of your brain because it connects your brain to the rest of your body. This is going to connect your brain to your spinal cord, and you can see your hindbrain is here in pink. And it's going to connect to the spinal cord, which is going to be more inferior, so more below the brain. Now, your hindbrain also has a particular name during development. Its name is kind of funky. Its name is rhombo, or rhombencephalon. And, again, you can see the cephalic word in there meaning brain. Okay? Now it's going to do a whole bunch of things. Most of your cranial nerves are going to come off of your hindbrain. It's going to control some eye movement as well, your facial sensations, your balance. A lot of your voluntary movement is going to be, controlled through your hindbrain. It's also going to control your heart rate, your blood pressure, your reflexes, your breathing, things like that. Okay.
So now, let's go down and let's talk about a more specific region of the brain called the cerebrum. Your cerebrum is going to be in your forebrain. This is the largest portion of your brain, and probably the most famous portion of your brain. Now, this is the large outer part of the brain that is going to include the cortex. The cortex is going to surround the cerebrum and other subcortical structures like the hippocampi. So your cerebrum, whenever you think of what a brain looks like, you're looking at the cerebrum. This is going to be 85% of your brain. And it is divided into 2 hemispheres, a left and a right Hemisphere. And, it's going to have all sorts of different things inside of it that are going to do different functions. Your cerebrum is very famous for your thinking, your planning, your reasoning skills, your interpretation of information and senses, and it's also very important for language. So this portion of your brain is basically what makes you intelligent for the most part. It's the thinking part of your brain. Okay. So, like I already said, it is going to be divided into 2 hemispheres, a left and a right, but it's going to be connected. We can't have those 2 hemispheres not talk to each other. They need to communicate with one another, and they're going to utilize the Corpus Callosum. This is going to be a bundle of nerve fibers called axons that transmit information between the hemispheres. This is very important. This allows the left side of your brain to talk to the right side of your brain. And, in fact, the left and right sides of your brain do have slightly different functions, so they do need to communicate with one another. So it's very, very important. Now, the Cerebral Cortex is going to be the outer layer of the cerebrum composed of gray matter. This is going to be the outermost layer of the brain that most likely you're going to see whenever you think of a brain.
Now, I want to show you a picture. Let me get out of the way here. I'm going to scroll down a little bit. Do you see this arrow right here? It's going to be pointing to the Corpus Callosum, which is going to be kind of right here, which is going to allow those 2 hemispheres of your brain, your left and right hemispheres of your brain, to connect with one another, and to communicate with one another, so that they can share information. So that's a good visual representation of your corpus callosum. Okay. So now the cerebrum is quite large. Right? It's 85% of your brain. It's going to be chopped up into 4 different lobes. So each side, the left and the right, are going to have a frontal lobe, a parietal lobe, a temporal lobe, and an Occipital Lobe that are all going to have unique functions. The Frontal Lobe contains areas involved in decision making and your Primary Motor Cortex. So this is going to be the cognizant part of your brain that's actively making those decisions. The Parietal Lobe is involved in sensory information processing and it contains the Primary Somatosensory Cortex. Okay. So the Parietal Lobe, whenever you touch something, it is actually looking through all this sensory information and processing the sensory information. Whether that's sight, taste, smell, touch, anything like that, your Parietal Lobe is taking care of that. Okay. Then we have our temporal lobe which is going to contain the regions involved in hearing and language and visual processing. So whenever you're listening to language or you're speaking, your temporal lobe is going to be involved in that process. Now, finally, we have the occipital lobe, which is the visual cortex. This is where the majority of your visual information is going to be processed and understood. So it's utilized in processing visual information. Now, if I scroll down, you can actua Sessions are attended by a faculty of international experts and industry leaders who engage with attendees, offering insights and guidance for future endeavors.