In DNA technology, the term vector can refer to a. the enzyme that cuts DNA into restriction fragments. b. the sticky end of a DNA fragment. c. a SNP marker. d. a plasmid used to transfer DNA into a living cell.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the term 'vector' in the context of DNA technology. A vector is generally a vehicle used to transfer genetic material from one cell to another.
2. Eliminate options that do not fit the definition of a vector. Option a, the enzyme that cuts DNA into restriction fragments, is known as a restriction enzyme, not a vector.
3. Option b, the sticky end of a DNA fragment, refers to the overhanging ends of DNA that are exposed after cutting by restriction enzymes. These are not vectors but sites for DNA ligase to act.
4. Option c, a SNP marker, stands for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, which is a type of genetic marker used in mapping and is not a vector.
5. Conclude that option d, a plasmid used to transfer DNA into a living cell, fits the definition of a vector in DNA technology. Plasmids are circular DNA molecules used in genetic engineering to transport genetic material into cells.

Key Concepts

Vectors in Genetic Engineering

In genetic engineering, a vector is a vehicle used to transfer genetic material into a host cell. Common vectors include plasmids, which are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently within a bacterial cell. Vectors are essential for cloning, gene expression, and gene therapy, as they facilitate the introduction of foreign DNA into target cells.

Plasmids

Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes. They often carry genes that provide advantageous traits, such as antibiotic resistance. In biotechnology, plasmids are engineered to include specific genes of interest, allowing researchers to manipulate and study gene function or produce proteins in host organisms.

Restriction Enzymes

Restriction enzymes, or restriction endonucleases, are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, creating fragments with 'sticky' or 'blunt' ends. These enzymes are crucial in molecular cloning, as they allow scientists to cut both the vector and the DNA of interest to create compatible ends for ligation. This process is fundamental for inserting genes into vectors for further study or application.