In this video, we're going to talk about tundras. Now, tundras are either located in the far north of the Earth, which we call Arctic Tundras, as you can see indicated over here on this world map, or tundras can be located at high elevations like mountain tops at all latitudes on earth, which we call alpine tundras. Now all tundras are going to be characterized by having low productivity and low biomass, so not a lot of vegetation and not a lot of life. And this is in part due to the extreme conditions, like extremely cold temperatures and low precipitation throughout the year, as you can see in this climate graph down below. Now the temperatures are so cold that the soil is actually frozen solid and referred to as permafrost, and that permafrost prevents significant tree growth, creating these treeless landscapes and often limits the vegetation to things such as mosses, grasses, and forbs, a type of plant.

So that concludes this video, and I'll see you all in our next one.