Introduction to Chemical Bonding - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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Introduction to Chemical Bonding
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6m
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Video transcript
In this video, we're going to begin our introduction to chemical bonding. And so chemical bonds are really just defined as attractive forces between atoms that hold those atoms together to form either molecules and or compounds. And so molecules is really a term that is very, very broad and refers to any substance that contains greater than or equal to 2 chemically bound atoms. Now these atoms could be of different elements or these atoms could be of the same element. And so for example, o2 is an example of a molecule which is oxygen gas. So if we take a look at our image down below over here on the left hand side, notice that we're showing you oxygen gas, which can be represented like this, or it could be represented in this format right here as well. But really oxygen gas is when you have 2 oxygen atoms that are chemically bound to each other. And so because we have 2, at least 2 atoms that are bound to each other, this makes oxygen gas an example of a molecule. But there are really all different types of molecules and, you can see here in this image we're showing you how oxygen gas can be taken from the atmosphere and breathe into our lungs and we'll talk more about that process a little bit later in our course. But now to distinguish these compounds from molecules. Now compounds as their name implies with the comp part here are a little bit more comp located and that's because they are going to have at least 2 different elements. So notice here that we're comparing, the word atoms to this word elements. Molecules have at least 2 chemically bound atoms. It doesn't matter if those atoms are of the same element or if they're of different elements. Either way if it has at least 2 chemically bound atoms then it will be a molecule, but compounds on the other hand as their name implies they're a little bit more complicated because not all molecules are compounds, Only very specific molecules are compounds, and so you can see that compounds are defined as complicated molecules themselves. So they are molecules just a very specific type of molecule that is composed of at least 2 different elements. And so for example, water is going to be an example of a compound and that is because it has 2 different elements. It has the element hydrogen and it has the element oxygen. Whereas o 2 here does not have 2 different elements. It only has 2 different atoms of the same element. And so, oxygen gas is not a compound even though it is a molecule, but water here is both a molecule and a compound because it has it meets both of these, requirements here. And so if we take a look at our image down below, you can see that we're saying that, water is an example of a compound, once again because it has 2 different elements, hydrogen element and an oxygen element. But another example of a compound is going to be this, structure right here which is a glucose molecule. Now you'll need to know about glucose later in our course, but it's good to start familiarizing yourself with this compound here. Now this is a compound because notice that it has at least 2 different elements. Notice that it has the element oxygen throughout, in these locations. It has the element carbon, in these locations right here, and then it also has, the element hydrogen as well. And so, this compound, has at least 2 different elements and that's what makes it a compound. And glucose is really a sugar that is going to be found in many different forms of life and in many different, mixtures too such as in honey. Now, the last idea here that you all should know is this idea of the chemical formula. The chemical formula is really what reveals both the number and the type of atoms that are in a molecule or compound. And so an example of a chemical formula is this chemical the entire structure of glucose every single time it came out, the entire structure of glucose every single time it came out, it might take a long time to do that. And so chemical formulas can help to write down structures much much faster. So writing down C6H1206 is much faster than drawing out this entire structure, so chemical formulas can be very very useful in that respect. So notice that here, we're taking this compound glucose and we're changing it into a chemical formula of glucose. And so, you can see that there are a total of, this says 6 carbon atoms, so we can say this part right here means that there are a total of 6 carbon atoms. This part right here with the h twelve means that there are 12 hydrogen atoms right here, and then this part over here says that there are 6 oxygen atoms. So we can fill that in right here. And so, this here is what we refer to as a chemical formula, and you'll be able to see, many more examples of these as we make our way through our course. Another example would be h two o is another, example of a chemical formula. But this here concludes our introduction to chemical bonds and how they form molecules and compounds. And moving forward we're going to talk about many different types of chemical bonds. So I'll see you all in our next video.
2
concept
Intramolecular vs. Intermolecular Bonds
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3m
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Video transcript
In this video we're going to distinguish between intramolecular and intermolecular bonds. And so chemical bonds between atoms can either be once again intramolecular or intermolecular bonds. And so number 1 here is focused on the intramolecular bonds, which are interactions between atoms within the same molecule. And so of course the number 1 that we have up above here in the text corresponding with intramolecular bonds corresponds with the number 1 that we have over here on left hand side of the image for intramolecular bonds. So let's take a look at the image down below over here on the left hand side. And so notice that in the middle we're showing you a water molecule, we are showing you H2O, 2 Hydrogens, 1 Oxygen atom. And so these lines that you see here forming between these different atoms represent a type of chemical bond that we'll get to talk more about as we move forward. But notice that these lines, these chemical bonds are forming within the same water molecule right here, and so these 2 bonds are almost trapped within the same molecule. And so you can think the intra, the tra here can remind you of the word trapped, and so they're going to be trapped within the same molecule just like this guy here is trapped behind these bars, And so you can think that the Intra is going to be for within the same molecule, within molecules. Now intermolecular bonds on the other hand are going to be interactions between atoms of different molecules. So once again the number 2 that we have up above in the text is going to correspond with the number 2 that we have down below in our image. So let's take a look at the right hand side of our image this time, and what you'll notice is that we're showing you, 2 water molecules. We're showing you one over here and we're showing you another water molecule over here, and so this time we're focused specifically on a bond that is forming between these 2 different molecules. And so because it's forming between 2 different molecules it's not going to be trapped within the same molecule, and so intermolecular bonds are not trapped, and so you can think that the ter here cannot be used to spell trapped, and so it's not going to be trapped and instead it's going to be forming between different molecules, and so it's almost like how, you can see one person giving a high five to another person. So it's almost like one molecule is giving a high 5 to another molecule right here and this, high 5 would be this right here. So it's forming between different molecules. And so you can think that the, inter over here is going to be for between different molecules. And so hopefully this will help you guys better distinguish the difference between intramolecular which are trapped within the same molecule and intermolecular bonds which are not trapped within the molecule and form between different molecules. And so we'll be able to get some practice with these ideas moving forward in our course and I'll see you in our next video.
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Problem
Problem
Appropriately label all of the chemical bonds in this image as either intramolecular or intermolecular.
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3m
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concept
Map of the Lesson on Chemical Bonding
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2m
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Video transcript
Hey, guys. In this video, we're gonna talk about this image that we have down below right here, which is actually a map of our lesson on chemical bonding. And so notice at the very top here we have chemical bonds and all of these things that are down below are really just different types of chemical bonds that we're gonna be mentioning in our course moving forward. And so again, this image is really a map because you can use it like a map to make predictions about where we're headed, where we're going next in our lesson. And so here's how the map works. We're gonna start at the top talking about chemical bonds but then we'll always explore the left most branches first. So we'll talk about covalent chemical bonds, that's what you should expect the next lesson will be about. After we talk about covalent chemical bonds we'll continue in our lesson talking about non polar covalent bonds. After we've explored the leftmost branches then we'll start to zoom out and explore right branches. So we'll talk about polar covalent bonds and then of course once we've explored all those, we'll continue to explore the leftmost branches first in this order that you see here. So really this is a map of our lesson. And really what you'll see is that chemical bonds can really be broken up into 2 major categories, covalent chemical bonds, which include nonpolar covalent bonds and polar covalent bonds, And then we also have chemical bonds that are noncovalent. And noncovalent chemical bonds include strong electrostatic interactions like this strong guy over here in the, electrocution symbol. And noncovalent interactions also include weak Van Der Waals interactions like this weak little guy over here. And so moving forward in our course, we're not gonna talk a lot about the weak Van Der Waals interactions. You'll learn more about those weak Van Der Waals interactions in a chemistry course. But for our biology course, we're going to focus most of our attention on these colored boxes, the covalent and the non covalent, but, the ones that are strong electrostatic interactions, which include the ionic bonds and the hydrogen bonds. Now once again, moving forward, we're gonna talk about each of these different types of bonds in their own separate video and you can use this image as a map to figure out what we're gonna talk about next. So once again, in our next video you should expect that we're gonna talk about covalent chemical bond. So I'll see you all in that next lesson video.
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Problem
Problem
Map of the Lesson on Chemical Bonding
According to the map above, which of the following are types of covalent bonds?
A
Polar
B
Van der Waals.
C
Ionic.
D
Hydrogen.
E
None of the above.
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