2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter

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Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter

Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter Example 1

Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter Example 2

Electron Orbitals & Energy Shells

Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter Example 3

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What is an atom? Better explained

Voyage into the world of atoms

A Better Way To Picture Atoms

Atomic Structure And Electrons

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Practice this topic

Multiple Choice

A proton ___________:

The average oxygen atom has a mass number of 16 and an atomic number of 8. This means that the number of neutrons in this oxygen atom is:

How many valence electrons does an atom with five total electrons have?

Which of the following is true about electron energy shells?

A neon atom (Ne) is unreactive for which of the following reasons?

How many electrons does an Oxygen atom need to fulfill the octet rule by filling its valence shell?

What is generally true about essential elements and living organisms?

The number of protons in an uncharged atom __________.

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following subatomic particles has appreciable mass but no charge?

Which of the following has negligible mass?

What are the four most abundant elements found in living systems?

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a trace element?

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Multiple Choice

If you were told that concentrations of trace elements above what is required by organisms generally have no effect on those organisms, what would you say?

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Multiple Choice

There are __________ naturally occurring elements.

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Multiple Choice

An element has eight protons, nine neutrons, and eight electrons. Its atomic number and atomic mass, respectively, are __________.

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Multiple Choice

An uncharged atom of nitrogen (atomic number = 7) has __________.

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Multiple Choice

A neutral atom of chlorine has an atomic number of 17. It has __________ electrons in its third shell.

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Multiple Choice

How many electrons would be present in the valence shell of a sulfur atom (atomic number 16, mass number 32)?

What are the six most important chemical elements of life?

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Textbook Question

In the term trace element, the adjective trace means that a. the element is required in very small amounts. b. the element can be used as a label to trace atoms through an organism's metabolism. c. the element is very rare on Earth. d. the element enhances health but is not essential for the organism's long-term survival.

Fill in the blanks in this concept map to help you tie together the key concepts concerning elements, atoms, and molecules.

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Textbook Question

We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their a. mass. b. volume. c. number of atoms. d. number of molecules.

The reactivity of an atom arises from a. the average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus. b. the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell. c. the sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells. d. the potential energy of the valence shell.

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Textbook Question

Changing the _________ would change it into an atom of a different element. a. number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom b. number of protons in the nucleus of an atom c. electrical charge of an atom d. number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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Textbook Question

Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the subatomic particles associated with a carbon atom.

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Textbook Question

Electrons . a. are negatively charged; b. along with neutrons make up the nucleus; c. are attracted to the negatively charged nucleus; d. are not involved in ionic bonds; e. all of the above are true

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Textbook Question

In what way does the need for iodine or iron in your diet differ from your need for calcium or phosphorus?

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Textbook Question

DRAW IT Draw Lewis dot structures for each hypothetical molecule shown below, using the correct number of valence electrons for each atom. Determine which molecule makes sense because each atom has a complete valence shell and each bond has the correct number of electrons. Explain what makes the other molecule nonsensical, considering the number of bonds each type of atom can make. b.

Use carbon-12, the most common isotope of carbon, to define these terms: atomic number, mass number, valence. Which of these numbers is most related to the chemical behavior of an atom? Explain.

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Textbook Question

Look back at the abbreviated periodic table of the elements in Figure 2.5B. If two elements are in the same row, what do they have in common? If two elements are in the same column, what do they have in common? Would you predict that elements in the same row or the same column will have similar chemical properties? Explain.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following statements correctly describes a solution?

a. In a solution the solute is chemically dissolved by the solvent.

b. Solutions involve large particles suspended in another component.

c. The particles in a solution will settle out if left to sit.

d. The amount of solute in a solution is expressed as the solution's concentration.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. The mass number of an atom is the sum of its neutrons and protons.

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Textbook Question

Match the following terms with the correct definition:

_____Endergonic reaction a. Energy in motion

_____Potential energy b. Energy stored in chemical bonds

_____Electrical energy c. Reaction that consumes energy

_____Anabolic reaction d. A decomposition reaction

_____Oxidation-reduction reaction e. The energy of moving charged particles

_____Chemical energy f. Stored energy

_____Catabolic reaction g. Synthesis reaction

_____Kinetic energy h. Reaction where electrons are transferred between reactants

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. Protons and neutrons have a positive charge and electrons have a negative charge.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Every element has a characteristic number of protons, which is called the element's mass number.

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