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1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 40m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 37m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 7m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood1h 22m
18. The Heart1h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance Coming soon
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity Coming soon

25. The Urinary System

Renal Physiology Step 1: Glomerular Filtration

Anatomy & Physiology

25. The Urinary System

Renal Physiology Step 1: Glomerular Filtration

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Multiple Choice

The ________________ is the finest layer of the filtration membrane.

Fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries.

Basal lamina.

Filtration slits of the podocytes.

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Textbook Question

Net filtration pressure in most capillary beds favors:

a. absorption.

b. osmosis.

c. filtration.

d. secretion.

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Textbook Question

The glomerular capillaries differ from other capillary networks in the body because they a. have a larger area of anastomosis, b. are derived from and drain into arterioles, c. are not made of endothelium, d. are sites of filtrate formation.

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Textbook Question

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. What is the glomerulus? a. The same as the renal tubule b. The same as Bowman's capsule c. The same as the nephron d. Capillaries

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Textbook Question

Explain the process and purpose of tubular secretion.

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Textbook Question

Explain the important differences between blood plasma and glomerular filtrate, and relate the differences to the structure of the filtration membrane.

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Textbook Question

Filtration at the glomerulus is inversely related to a. water reabsorption, b. capsular hydrostatic pressure, c. arterial blood pressure, d. acidity of the urine.

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Textbook Question

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Which of the following is dependent on tubular secretion? a. Clearing penicillin from the blood b. Removal of nitrogenous wastes that have been reabsorbed c. Removal of excess potassium ions from the blood d. Control of blood pH

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Filtrate flows from the renal corpuscle to the distal tubule, the nephron loop, the proximal tubule, and into the collecting system.

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Textbook Question

Describe the structure of the filtration membrane.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following substances would pass through the filtration membrane to become part of the filtrate under normal circumstances? (Circle all that apply.)

a. Sodium ions

b. Albumin

c. Glucose

d. Erythrocytes

e. Leukocytes

f. Amino acids

g. Urea

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Textbook Question

Which of the following is false about the GFR?

a. The GFR averages about 120 ml/min.

b. The GFR increases when the afferent arteriole dilates.

c. The GFR decreases when the efferent arteriole constricts.

d. The GFR decreases when the afferent arteriole constricts

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Textbook Question

Fill in the blanks: Glomerular hydrostatic pressure _____ filtration; colloid osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure_____ filtration.

a. favors; favor

b. opposes; oppose

c. favors; oppose

d. opposes; favor

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Textbook Question

The route by which substances are reabsorbed by crossing through the cells of the renal tubule and collecting system is known as the:

a. paracellular route.

b. transcellular route.

c. primary active transport route.

d. facultative route.

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Textbook Question

Predict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:

a. Having excess proteins in the blood, increasing colloid osmotic pressure

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Textbook Question

Predict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:

b. Having low arterial blood pressure (hypotension)

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Textbook Question

Why is urinalysis a routine part of any good physical examination?

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Textbook Question

Mr. Jessup, a 55-year-old man, is operated on for a cerebral tumor. About one month later, he complains that he is excessively thirsty and that he has been voiding almost continuously. A urine sample is collected, and its specific gravity is 1.001. What is your diagnosis of Mr. Jessup's problem, and how might it be related to his previous surgery?

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Textbook Question

Raymond is hypertensive and was recently diagnosed with impaired kidney function based on urinalysis and a blood test for creatinine. What sorts of test results would you expect, and how is hypertension related to kidney function?

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Textbook Question

A 55-year-old woman is awakened by an excruciating pain that radiates from her right abdomen to her flank on the same side. The pain is not continuous, but it recurs every 3 to 4 minutes. Diagnose this patient's problem, and cite factors that might favor its occurrence. Explain why this woman's pain comes in 'waves.'

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Textbook Question

What happens to the rate of RBC production in a patient on dialysis with total renal failure? What could be given to the patient to counteract such a problem? (Hint: You might want to check Table 9.2 for help with this one.)

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Textbook Question

Normal urine should have which of the following properties? Circle all that apply.

a. Translucency

b. Yellowish pigment

c. Cloudy appearance

d. pH less than 4.5

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Textbook Question

The GFR may be estimated by measuring the rate at which certain substances are removed from the blood, which is known as:

a. renal clearance.

b. plasma creatinine.

c. glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

d. inulin estimation.

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Textbook Question

What might it mean if you found a high concentration of urobilinogen in your patient's urine? (Hint: Consider the source of urobilinogen.) (Connects to Chapter 19)

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Textbook Question

Patty, aged 55, is awakened by excruciating pain that radiates from her right abdomen to the loin and groin regions on the same side. The pain is not continuous but recurs at intervals of 3 to 4 minutes. Diagnose her problem, and cite factors that might favor its occurrence.

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Textbook Question

While repairing a frayed utility wire, Kevin, an experienced lineman, slips and falls to the ground. Medical examination reveals a fracture of his lower spine and transection of the lumbar region of the spinal cord. How will Kevin's micturition be controlled from this point on? Will he ever again feel the need to void? Will there be dribbling of urine between voidings? Explain the reasoning behind all your responses.

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Textbook Question

Contrast the following homeostatic imbalances: oliguria, anuria, polyuria, and nocturia.