Damage to the ampullary cupula of the lateral semicircular duct would interfere with the perception of
(a) the direction of gravitational pull,
(b) linear acceleration,
(c) horizontal rotation of the head,
(d) vertical rotation of the head,
(e) angular rotation of the head.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ampullary Cupula
The ampullary cupula is a gelatinous structure located within the ampulla of each semicircular canal in the inner ear. It plays a crucial role in the vestibular system by detecting angular acceleration and changes in head position. When the head rotates, the endolymph fluid within the semicircular canals moves, causing the cupula to deflect and stimulate hair cells, which send signals to the brain about head movement.
Semicircular Canals
The semicircular canals are three fluid-filled structures in the inner ear that are oriented at right angles to each other. They are responsible for detecting rotational movements of the head. Each canal corresponds to a different plane of motion (horizontal, anterior, and posterior), and they work together to provide the brain with information about angular velocity and orientation in space.
The vestibular system is a sensory system that contributes to balance and spatial orientation. It includes the semicircular canals and otolith organs, which detect head movements and gravitational forces. Damage to any part of this system, such as the ampullary cupula, can disrupt the perception of motion and balance, leading to dizziness or disorientation.