An IPSP is inhibitory because

a. It hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane.

b. It reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic terminal.

c. It prevents calcium ion entry into the presynaptic terminal.

d. It changes the threshold of the neuron.

What is the difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is __________.

When a second EPSP arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared, what results?

The EPSPs from two different synapses occur at the same time and cause a larger depolarization than either one alone can cause. This is an example of:

Briefly explain how nerve impulses are initiated and transmitted, and why conduction at synapses is always one-way.