Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Active Transport
Active transport is a cellular process that requires energy, usually in the form of ATP, to move molecules against their concentration gradient. This means that substances are transported from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration, which is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and nutrient uptake. Examples include the sodium-potassium pump and proton pumps.
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Passive Transport
Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy. This process relies on the natural kinetic energy of molecules and occurs along the concentration gradient, meaning substances move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Common examples include diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion through channel proteins.
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Passive vs. Active Transport
Concentration Gradient
A concentration gradient refers to the difference in the concentration of a substance across a space or membrane. It is a driving force for both active and passive transport processes. Molecules tend to move from regions of high concentration to low concentration, and understanding this gradient is crucial for grasping how substances enter and exit cells, impacting various physiological functions.
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Concentration Gradients and Diffusion