In this video, we're going to continue to talk about chemical barriers that serve as first line defenses of innate immunity by focusing specifically on antimicrobial peptides. And so antimicrobial peptides are commonly abbreviated as AMPs. As their name implies, antimicrobial peptides, or AMPs, are going to be short chains of amino acids with antimicrobial activity. Now, these AMPs can be found in many organism types and they are generally made in response to an invading microbe. There are many different types of AMPs that include defensins, bacteriocins, cathelicidin, dermecidin, and histatins. But here in this video, we're only going to focus briefly on defensins. And so defensins are a type of AMP, and they are positively charged AMPs that actually damage microbial membranes by inserting into the microbial membranes and causing those microbial membranes to lyse, and so it causes lysis. Now these defensins can be produced by our own epithelial cells, epithelial skin cells, to help protect our skin and to help protect our mucus membranes in order to prevent an infection. And so if we take a look at our image down below over here on the left-hand side, notice that we're showing you the map of our lesson on the first line defenses here, specifically focusing in on the chemical barriers and talking about the AMPs here in this video. And so these antimicrobial peptides, which again can be abbreviated as AMPs, are going to be these short little peptide chains, short little amino acid chains with antimicrobial activity. And so, we can label these as the antimicrobial peptides. And notice that these antimicrobial peptides can be released by our epithelial cells, and they can affect these microbes here and affect the membranes of those microbes and cause cell lysis. And so, this here concludes our brief lesson on antimicrobial peptides as a chemical barrier, protecting us as a first line defense in innate immunity. And so we'll be able to get some practice applying these concepts as we move forward. So, I'll see you all in our next video.
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 40m
- What is Anatomy & Physiology?20m
- Levels of Organization13m
- Variation in Anatomy & Physiology12m
- Introduction to Organ Systems27m
- Homeostasis9m
- Feedback Loops11m
- Feedback Loops: Negative Feedback19m
- Feedback Loops: Positive Feedback11m
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- Anatomical Terms for the Front of the Trunk8m
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- Review- Using Anatomical Terms and Directions12m
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- 4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
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- Simple Epithelial Tissues1h 2m
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- 5. Integumentary System2h 20m
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- An Introduction to Bone and Skeletal Tissue18m
- Gross Anatomy of Bone: Compact and Spongy Bone7m
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- Gross Anatomy of Bones - Structure of a Long Bone23m
- Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - Bone Matrix9m
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- 7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
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- 12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
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- Introduction to the Peripheral Nervous System5m
- Organization of Sensory Pathways16m
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- 14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
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- 16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
- 17. The Blood1h 22m
- 18. The Heart1h 42m
- 19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
- 20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
- 21. The Immune System14h 37m
- Introduction to the Immune System10m
- Introduction to Innate Immunity17m
- Introduction to First-Line Defenses5m
- Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Skin13m
- Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Mucous Membrane9m
- First-Line Defenses: Chemical Barriers24m
- First-Line Defenses: Normal Microbiota7m
- Introduction to Cells of the Immune System15m
- Cells of the Immune System: Granulocytes28m
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- Introduction to Cell Communication5m
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- Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)48m
- Introduction to the Complement System24m
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- Phagocytosis17m
- Introduction to Inflammation18m
- Steps of the Inflammatory Response28m
- Fever8m
- Interferon Response25m
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- Introduction to Adaptive Immunity32m
- Antigens12m
- Introduction to T Lymphocytes38m
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- Antibodies14m
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- Antibody Class Switching17m
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- 22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
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- 24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
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- Cellular Respiration: Pyruvate Oxidation8m
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- Cellular Respiration: Chemiosmosis7m
- Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration18m
- Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration23m
- Gluconeogenesis16m
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- Amino Acid Oxidation17m
- 25. The Urinary System2h 39m
- 26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance Coming soon
- 27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
- 28. Human Development1h 21m
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21. The Immune System
First-Line Defenses: Chemical Barriers
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