Alright. So in this video, we're just going to cover a couple more important areas of the cerebral cortex that you may need to know. So the first one that we're going to go over is the prefrontal cortex, which we have highlighted here for you in green. And as I alluded to in a previous video, the prefrontal cortex is the most complex part of the cerebrum. So this is the most anterior part of our brain, and it's also the slowest to mature. So the prefrontal cortex doesn't fully mature until we are well into our twenties, mid-twenties, even late twenties. And this is the area where all of our most complex cognitive skills are housed. So planning, decision making, rational thought, working memory, inhibitory control, you name it. All of those incredibly complex cognitive skills are all there in the prefrontal cortex.

Now, the next area we have is Broca's area. So Broca's area is a big language area, and it's very important for speech production. And Broca's area is located in the frontal lobe. So we have this highlighted here for you in orange. You can see it's kind of wedged between the prefrontal cortex and the primary motor cortex that we have here in red. And that makes sense, right, because this is associated with speech production, as I said. So literally how we move our jaw, how we move our tongue to correctly articulate words and produce speech. And so this is technically a motor area, so being right next to that motor cortex makes sense.

Now the final area that we have here is Wernicke's area. Now Wernicke's area is also a language area, but this area is more focused on speech comprehension. And you can see we have it highlighted here in yellow for you, and it is in the temporal lobe, which makes sense because that is where the auditory cortex is. Right? So as we're hearing, this is incoming stimuli. Wernicke's area is helping us comprehend and make sense of the language that we're hearing.

So it's important to know that Broca's area is for speech production and Wernicke's area is for speech comprehension. So some memory tools that may help you with that: some people like to think of the 'b' in Broca's area as standing for 'building.' So Broca's area builds speech. We build speech with our mouth. Whereas the 'w' in Wernicke's area stands for 'what.' Like what did you just say? I'm going to use my Wernicke's area to help comprehend what you just said. If you are a Spanish speaker, a really fun easy memory tool is to just look at the word Broca and take out the 'r' and you're left with 'boca.' Right? 'Boca' meaning mouth. And what do we do with our mouth? Produce speech. And then with Wernicke's area, if you look at the end here, the 'ke,' that's pronounced like 'kay.' Like, what did you just say to me? I'm going to use my Wernicke's area to figure out what you just said. So definitely take the time to remember those two. It's a really common exam question is differentiating what Broca's area does and what Wernicke's area does.

Alright. So I will see you guys in our next video. Bye-bye.